McCarron D A
Divisions of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Clinical Pharmacology, the Department of Medicine, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 May;71(5):1013-9. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/71.5.1013.
The dietary guidelines established under the auspices of public health policy are intended to promote healthy diets in the general public. The current recommendations for sodium intake stem from studies and publications that are older than much of the public they are designed to benefit. The past 2 decades have seen a dramatic increase in our knowledge of nutritional science, particularly our understanding of the role of sodium in blood pressure regulation. With a myriad of data from observational studies and randomized, controlled trials, we have the information to finally put sodium into its correct context in terms of its role in the regulation of blood pressure and hypertension. Not the sole and pervasive dietary villain it was once believed to be, sodium is but one factor in the complex interplay of multiple, inextricably related regulatory systems of which hypertension is the end result. With the data now available concerning dietary sodium, including the minimal and specific blood pressure effects of sodium in normotensive adults and both the benefits and risks of sodium reduction, future public health recommendations can be based on carefully acquired, consistent, and rational science.
在公共卫生政策支持下制定的饮食指南旨在促进普通大众的健康饮食。当前关于钠摄入量的建议源于比其旨在惠及的大部分公众年龄还大的研究和出版物。在过去20年里，我们对营养科学的认识有了显著增长，尤其是对钠在血压调节中作用的理解。有了来自观察性研究和随机对照试验的大量数据，我们终于能够依据钠在血压调节和高血压方面的作用，将其置于正确的背景中。钠并非如人们曾经认为的那样是唯一且普遍存在的饮食“罪魁祸首”，它只是导致高血压这一最终结果的多个紧密相关调节系统复杂相互作用中的一个因素。鉴于目前有关饮食钠的数据，包括钠对血压正常成年人血压的最小及特定影响以及减少钠摄入的益处和风险，未来的公共卫生建议可以基于精心获取的、一致且合理的科学依据。
