Abrams B, Altman S L, Pickett K E
Division of Public Health Biology and Epidemiology, University of California, Berkeley 94720, USA.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2000 May;71(5 Suppl):1233S-41S. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/71.5.1233s.
During the 20th century, recommendations for maternal weight gain in pregnancy were controversial, ranging from rigid restriction to encouragement of ample gain. In 1990, the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommended weight-gain ranges with the primary goal of improving infant birth weight. These guidelines were widely adopted but not universally accepted. Critics have argued that the IOM's recommendations are unlikely to improve perinatal outcomes and may actually increase the risk of negative consequences to both infants and mothers. We systematically reviewed studies that examined fetal and maternal outcomes according to the IOM's weight-gain recommendations in women with a normal prepregnancy weight. These studies showed that pregnancy weight gain within the IOM's recommended ranges is associated with the best outcome for both mothers and infants. However, weight gain in most pregnant women is not within the IOM's ranges. All of the studies reviewed were observational and there is a compelling need to conduct experimental studies to examine interventional strategies to improve maternal weight gain with the objective of optimizing health outcomes.
在20世纪，关于孕期母亲体重增加的建议颇具争议，范围从严格限制到鼓励大量增加。1990年，医学研究所（IOM）推荐了体重增加范围，主要目标是提高婴儿出生体重。这些指南被广泛采用，但并未得到普遍接受。批评者认为，IOM的建议不太可能改善围产期结局，实际上可能会增加对婴儿和母亲产生负面影响的风险。我们系统地回顾了根据IOM对孕前体重正常的女性体重增加建议来研究胎儿和母亲结局的研究。这些研究表明，孕期体重增加在IOM推荐范围内与母亲和婴儿的最佳结局相关。然而，大多数孕妇的体重增加并不在IOM的范围内。所有被回顾的研究都是观察性的，迫切需要进行实验研究，以检验旨在优化健康结局而改善母亲体重增加的干预策略。
