美国食品强化的成效：以糙皮病为例。
Effectiveness of food fortification in the United States: the case of pellagra.
作者信息
Park Y K, Sempos C T, Barton C N, Vanderveen J E, Yetley E A
机构信息
Food and Drug Administration, Office of Nutritional Products, Labeling, and Dietary Supplements, Washington, DC 20204, USA.
出版信息
Am J Public Health. 2000 May;90(5):727-38. doi: 10.2105/ajph.90.5.727.
OBJECTIVES
We evaluated the possible role of niacin fortification of the US food supply and other concurrent influences in eliminating the nutritional deficiency disease pellagra.
METHODS
We traced chronological changes in pellagra mortality and morbidity and compared them with the development of federal regulations, state laws, and other national activities pertaining to the fortification of cereal-grain products with niacin and other B vitamins. We also compared these changes with other concurrent changes that would have affected pellagra mortality or morbidity.
RESULTS
The results show the difficulty of evaluating the effectiveness of a single public health initiative such as food fortification without controlled experimental trials. Nonetheless, the results provide support for the belief that food fortification played a significant role in the elimination of pellagra in the United States.
CONCLUSIONS
Food fortification that is designed to restore amounts of nutrients lost through grain milling was an effective tool in preventing pellagra, a classical nutritional deficiency disease, during the 1930s and 1940s, when food availability and variety were considerably less than are currently found in the United States.
目的
我们评估了美国食品供应中烟酸强化以及其他同时存在的影响因素在消除营养缺乏病糙皮病方面可能发挥的作用。
方法
我们追踪了糙皮病死亡率和发病率随时间的变化，并将其与联邦法规、州法律以及其他与用烟酸和其他B族维生素强化谷物产品相关的国家活动的发展情况进行比较。我们还将这些变化与其他可能影响糙皮病死亡率或发病率的同时发生的变化进行了比较。
结果
结果表明，在没有对照试验的情况下，评估单一公共卫生举措（如食品强化）的有效性存在困难。尽管如此，结果支持了这样一种观点，即食品强化在美国糙皮病的消除中发挥了重要作用。
结论
旨在补充因谷物研磨而损失的营养素量的食品强化，在20世纪30年代和40年代是预防糙皮病（一种典型的营养缺乏病）的有效工具，当时的食物供应量和种类比美国目前的情况要少得多。
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