Department of Animal, Dairy, and Veterinary Sciences, College of Agriculture and Applied Sciences, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
College of Veterinary Medicine, Utah State University, Logan, UT 84322, USA.
Cells. 2023 Feb 3;12(3):500. doi: 10.3390/cells12030500.
Research into the functions of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) has intensified in recent years due to the insight that abnormally low levels of NAD are involved in many human pathologies including metabolic disorders, neurodegeneration, reproductive dysfunction, cancer, and aging. Consequently, the development and validation of novel NAD-boosting strategies has been of central interest, along with the development of models that accurately represent the complexity of human NAD dynamics and deficiency levels. In this review, we discuss pioneering research and show how modern researchers have long since moved past believing that pellagra is the overt and most dramatic clinical presentation of NAD deficiency. The current research is centered on common human health conditions associated with moderate, but clinically relevant, NAD deficiency. In vitro and in vivo research models that have been developed specifically to study NAD deficiency are reviewed here, along with emerging strategies to increase the intracellular NAD concentrations.
近年来，由于人们认识到烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸 (NAD) 水平异常降低与许多人类疾病有关，包括代谢紊乱、神经退行性变、生殖功能障碍、癌症和衰老，因此，人们对新型 NAD 增强策略的开发和验证产生了浓厚的兴趣，同时也开发了能够准确反映人类 NAD 动态和缺乏水平复杂性的模型。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了开创性的研究，并展示了现代研究人员早已不再认为糙皮病是 NAD 缺乏症的明显和最显著的临床表现。目前的研究集中在与中度但具有临床意义的 NAD 缺乏相关的常见人类健康状况上。本文还回顾了专门用于研究 NAD 缺乏的体外和体内研究模型，以及提高细胞内 NAD 浓度的新兴策略。
