Osann K E
Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, 92697, USA.
Curr Opin Pulm Med. 1998 Jul;4(4):198-204. doi: 10.1097/00063198-199807000-00002.
Lung cancer incidence is now decreasing in US men. Although rates continue to increase in women, the rate of increase is declining. Most lung cancer in men and women is attributable to cigarette smoking. Histologic patterns are consistent with smoking trends for gender, race, and age. Trends in adenocarcinoma may be related to an increase in exposure to tobacco-specific nitrosamines from low-tar cigarettes. Other risk factors, including exposure to residential radon, occupational exposures, diet, and family history, have been shown to increase risk of lung cancer independent of cigarette smoking. Recent research in molecular epidemiology has greatly increased our understanding of the mechanism of lung carcinogenesis and the interactions between exposure to lung carcinogens (smoking, occupational exposures, radon), diet, and heritable variations in susceptibility.
美国男性肺癌发病率目前正在下降。尽管女性发病率仍在上升，但上升速度正在减缓。男性和女性的大多数肺癌都归因于吸烟。组织学模式与性别、种族和年龄的吸烟趋势一致。腺癌的趋势可能与低焦油香烟中烟草特异性亚硝胺暴露增加有关。其他风险因素，包括接触室内氡、职业暴露、饮食和家族史，已被证明可独立于吸烟增加肺癌风险。分子流行病学的最新研究极大地增进了我们对肺癌发生机制以及肺癌致癌物暴露（吸烟、职业暴露、氡）、饮食和易感性遗传变异之间相互作用的理解。
