Haxby JV, Hoffman EA, Gobbini MI
Laboratory of Brain and Cognition, NIMH, Building 10, Room 4C104, Bethesda, MD 20892-1366, USA.
Trends Cogn Sci. 2000 Jun;4(6):223-233. doi: 10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01482-0.
Face perception, perhaps the most highly developed visual skill in humans, is mediated by a distributed neural system in humans that is comprised of multiple, bilateral regions. We propose a model for the organization of this system that emphasizes a distinction between the representation of invariant and changeable aspects of faces. The representation of invariant aspects of faces underlies the recognition of individuals, whereas the representation of changeable aspects of faces, such as eye gaze, expression, and lip movement, underlies the perception of information that facilitates social communication. The model is also hierarchical insofar as it is divided into a core system and an extended system. The core system is comprised of occipitotemporal regions in extrastriate visual cortex that mediate the visual analysis of faces. In the core system, the representation of invariant aspects is mediated more by the face-responsive region in the fusiform gyrus, whereas the representation of changeable aspects is mediated more by the face-responsive region in the superior temporal sulcus. The extended system is comprised of regions from neural systems for other cognitive functions that can be recruited to act in concert with the regions in the core system to extract meaning from faces.
面部感知或许是人类最为发达的视觉技能，它由人类大脑中一个分布式神经系统介导，该系统由多个双侧区域组成。我们提出了一个关于该系统组织的模型，该模型强调对面部不变和可变方面表征的区分。面部不变方面的表征是个体识别的基础，而面部可变方面的表征，如眼神、表情和嘴唇动作，则是促进社交交流的信息感知的基础。该模型也是分层的，因为它分为核心系统和扩展系统。核心系统由纹外视觉皮层中的枕颞区域组成，这些区域介导对面部的视觉分析。在核心系统中，不变方面的表征更多地由梭状回中的面部反应区域介导，而可变方面的表征更多地由颞上沟中的面部反应区域介导。扩展系统由用于其他认知功能的神经系统区域组成，这些区域可以与核心系统中的区域协同作用，从面部提取意义。
