Wagenaar R C, van Emmerik R E
Department of Physical Therapy, Sargent College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Boston University, 635, Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
J Biomech. 2000 Jul;33(7):853-61. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9290(00)00020-8.
The present study is aimed at investigating changes in the coordination of arm and leg movements in young healthy subjects. It was hypothesized that with changes in walking velocity there is a change in frequency and phase coupling between the arms and the legs. In addition, it was hypothesized that the preferred frequencies of the different coordination patterns can be predicted on the basis of the resonant frequencies of arms and legs with a simple pendulum model. The kinematics of arms and legs during treadmill walking in seven healthy subjects were recorded with accelerometers in the sagittal plane at a wide range of different velocities (i.e., 0.3-1. 3m/s). Power spectral analyses revealed a statistically significant change in the frequency relation between arms and legs, i.e., within the velocity range 0.3-0.7m/s arm movement frequencies were dominantly synchronized with the step frequency, whereas from 0.8m/s onwards arm frequencies were locked onto stride frequency. Significant effects of walking speed on mean relative phase between leg and arm movements were found. All limb pairs showed a significantly more stable coordination pattern from 0.8 to 1.0m/s onwards. Results from the pendulum modelling demonstrated that for most subjects at low-velocity preferred movement frequencies of the arms are predicted by the resonant frequencies of individual arms (about 0.98Hz), whereas at higher velocities these are predicted on the basis of the resonant frequencies of the individual legs (about 0.85Hz). The results support the above-mentioned hypotheses, and suggest that different patterns of coordination, as shown by changes in frequency coupling and phase relations, can exist within the human walking mode.
本研究旨在调查年轻健康受试者手臂和腿部运动协调性的变化。研究假设，随着步行速度的变化，手臂和腿部之间的频率和相位耦合会发生变化。此外，研究假设不同协调模式的偏好频率可以通过简单摆锤模型，根据手臂和腿部的共振频率来预测。使用加速度计在矢状面内，以多种不同速度（即0.3-1.3米/秒）记录了7名健康受试者在跑步机上行走时手臂和腿部的运动学数据。功率谱分析显示，手臂和腿部之间的频率关系存在统计学上的显著变化，即在0.3-0.7米/秒的速度范围内，手臂运动频率主要与步频同步，而从0.8米/秒起，手臂频率则锁定在步幅频率上。发现步行速度对腿部和手臂运动之间的平均相对相位有显著影响。从0.8到1.0米/秒起，所有肢体对都表现出明显更稳定的协调模式。摆锤模型的结果表明，对于大多数受试者，在低速时，手臂的偏好运动频率由单个手臂的共振频率预测（约0.98赫兹），而在较高速度时，则根据单个腿部的共振频率预测（约0.85赫兹）。研究结果支持上述假设，并表明在人类步行模式中可能存在不同的协调模式，如频率耦合和相位关系的变化所示。
