REVAL Rehabilitation Research, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, Agoralaan Building A - B-3590 Diepenbeek, Diepenbeek, Belgium.
Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, B-2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory, CERM, University Hospital Pellenberg, Welligerveld 1, B-3212 Pellenberg, Belgium.
Gait Posture. 2020 Sep;81:109-115. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2020.07.013. Epub 2020 Jul 17.
Arm movements during gait are known to alter with increasing age during the slow maturation phase (>3years). It is unclear whether coordination between the arms and legs (i.e. interlimb coordination), which is a measure of gait quality, shows a similar pattern.
to investigate age-related differences in interlimb coordination during gait in typically developing children and adults.
In this observational study, 98 typically developing participants were divided into five age-groups: preschool children (G1; 2.9-5.9 years[n = 18]), children (G2; 6.0-9.9 years[n = 22]), pubertal children (G3; 10.0-13.9 years[n = 26]), adolescents (G4; 14.0-18.9 years[n = 14]) and adults (G5; 19.0-35.2 years[n = 18]). Participants walked barefoot at a self-selected walking speed along a 10-m walkway during three-dimensional total-body gait analysis. To examine interlimb coordination, mean continuous relative phase over the gait cycle (MRP) and its variability (sdMRP) were calculated for each combination of limb pairs in the sagittal plane.
MRP increased towards more anti-phase coordination with increasing age in following limb pair combinations: left arm-right arm (median[interquartile range]; G1: 152.0°[126.6;160.7°]-G5: 171.5°[170.0;175.3°]), left arm-left leg (G1: 155.0°[131.3;167.6°]-G5: 170.8°[165.3;173.5°]) and right arm-right leg (G1: 155.7°[135.5;166.0°]-G5: 170.0°[166.4;173.5°]). MRP decreased towards more in-phase coordination from G1 to G5 in left arm-right leg (G1: 24.4°[15.3;45.8°]-G5: 10.5°[6.1;15.6°]) and right arm-left leg (G1: 25.0°[13.7;41.1°]-G5: 9.7°[5.2;16.8°]). sdMRP decreased from G1 to G5 for all limb pair combinations.
Interlimb coordination altered with increasing age. First, coordination between the legs and right arm-left leg appeared mature in G1 (aged 2.9-5.9 years). Next, coordination between the ipsilateral limbs seemed mature at 9.9 years, followed by a mature coordination between left arm-right leg at 13.9years. Coordination between the two arms showed ongoing differences until adulthood. These data provide an age-related framework and normative dataset to distinguish age-related differences from pathology in children with neuromotor disorders in clinical practice.
人们已知在步态中手臂的运动随着成熟阶段（>3 年）的缓慢发展而随年龄增长而改变。目前尚不清楚手臂和腿部之间的协调（即肢体间协调），这是步态质量的一个衡量标准，是否会呈现出类似的模式。
研究在正常发育的儿童和成人中，步态中肢体间协调与年龄的相关性差异。
在这项观察性研究中，98 名正常发育的参与者被分为五个年龄组：学龄前儿童（G1；2.9-5.9 岁[n=18]）、儿童（G2；6.0-9.9 岁[n=22]）、青春期儿童（G3；10.0-13.9 岁[n=26]）、青少年（G4；14.0-18.9 岁[n=14]）和成年人（G5；19.0-35.2 岁[n=18]）。参与者在三维全身步态分析中赤脚以自选择的步行速度沿着 10 米的步行道行走。为了检查肢体间协调，计算了矢状面中每个肢体对组合的步态周期内平均连续相对相位（MRP）及其变异性（sdMRP）。
MRP 随着年龄的增长而逐渐向更相反的相位协调发展，在以下肢体对组合中：左臂-右臂（中位数[四分位距]；G1：152.0°[126.6；160.7°]-G5：171.5°[170.0；175.3°]）、左臂-左腿（G1：155.0°[131.3；167.6°]-G5：170.8°[165.3；173.5°]）和右臂-右腿（G1：155.7°[135.5；166.0°]-G5：170.0°[166.4；173.5°]）。MRP 从 G1 到 G5 逐渐向更同相位协调发展，在左臂-右臂（G1：24.4°[15.3；45.8°]-G5：10.5°[6.1；15.6°]）和右臂-左腿（G1：25.0°[13.7；41.1°]-G5：9.7°[5.2；16.8°]）中。对于所有肢体对组合，sdMRP 从 G1 到 G5 逐渐降低。
肢体间协调随着年龄的增长而改变。首先，腿部和右臂-左腿之间的协调在 G1（年龄 2.9-5.9 岁）中似乎已经成熟。接下来，同侧肢体之间的协调似乎在 9.9 岁时成熟，随后在 13.9 岁时成熟的协调在左臂-右腿中。双臂之间的协调一直存在差异，直到成年。这些数据提供了一个与年龄相关的框架和规范数据集，可用于在临床实践中区分儿童神经运动障碍患者的年龄相关性差异与病理学差异。
