Pawde A M, Kinjavdekar P, Aithal H P, Pratap K, Bisht G S
Division of Surgery, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, India.
J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med. 2000 Apr;47(3):175-9. doi: 10.1046/j.1439-0442.2000.00277.x.
Eight buffalo calves (8-12 months, 70-100 kg) were randomly assigned to two groups of four animals each. Animals of group I were given detomidine (100 micrograms/kg), whereas animals of group II received a mixture of detomidine (100 micrograms/kg), diazepam (100 micrograms/kg) and ketamine (3 mg/kg) (DDK) intravenously. Various clinical parameters, such as weak time, down time, pedal and pinprick reflexes, muscle relaxation and extent of sedation, as well as heart and respiratory rates and electrocardiograms were measured before (time 0) and 15, 30, 45, 60, 75 and 90 min after treatment. In all the animals of group II (DDK), the pedal reflex was completely abolished (score: 3.00 +/- 0.00) within 5 min, the pinprick response was either very weak or it was completely abolished at this interval. Muscle relaxation and sedation were excellent within 5 min of DDK administration. The depth of sedation and analgesia was maximum from 5 to 15 min postinjection. Detomidine alone, however, failed to produce appropriate depression of the pedal and pinprick reflexes, sedation was mild and muscle relaxation was inadequate. Heart rate showed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in group I, but the decrease was non-significant in group II. A more pronounced increase in respiratory rate was observed in group I as compared to group II. Animals of both groups recovered within 90 min without any complication. Minimal changes in the cardiovascular system in the group given the DDK combination were an advantage over the group given detomidine. The results indicated that DDK combination is safe and suitable for 15 min of anaesthesia with excellent muscle relaxation and has only limited cardiorespiratory effects in buffaloes.
八头水牛犊（8 - 12个月，70 - 100千克）被随机分为两组，每组四头。第一组动物静脉注射地托咪定（100微克/千克），而第二组动物静脉注射地托咪定（100微克/千克）、地西泮（100微克/千克）和氯胺酮（3毫克/千克）的混合物（DDK）。在治疗前（时间0）以及治疗后15、30、45、60、75和90分钟，测量各种临床参数，如软弱时间、卧倒时间、足趾和针刺反射、肌肉松弛程度和镇静程度，以及心率、呼吸频率和心电图。在第二组（DDK）的所有动物中，足趾反射在5分钟内完全消失（评分：3.00±0.00），在此时间段内针刺反应非常微弱或完全消失。DDK给药后5分钟内肌肉松弛和镇静效果极佳。注射后5至15分钟镇静和镇痛深度最大。然而，单独使用地托咪定未能使足趾和针刺反射产生适当的抑制，镇静作用轻微，肌肉松弛不足。第一组心率显著下降（P<0.05），但第二组下降不显著。与第二组相比，第一组呼吸频率增加更为明显。两组动物均在90分钟内恢复，无任何并发症。给予DDK组合的组中心血管系统变化最小，这比给予地托咪定的组更具优势。结果表明，DDK组合安全，适用于15分钟的麻醉，肌肉松弛效果极佳，对水牛的心肺影响有限。
