Ko J C, Nicklin C F, Melendaz M, Hamilton P, Kuonen C D
Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610-0136, USA.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 1998 Jul 15;213(2):215-9.
To evaluate cardiorespiratory and anesthetic effects of a microdose of medetomidine hydrochloride on diazepam-ketamine (DK) hydrochloride induced anesthesia in dogs.
Randomized crossover study.
6 two-year-old healthy female dogs.
A study was designed to compare quality of anesthetic induction, recovery, analgesia, muscle relaxation, duration of immobilization, and ease of endotracheal intubation between diazepam-ketamine-medetomidine (DKM) and diazepam-ketamine induced anesthesia in 6 dogs. Diazepam (0.25 mg/kg [0.114 mg/lb] of body weight, i.v.) and ketamine (5 mg/kg [2.27 mg/lb], i.v.) with or without a microdose of medetomidine (5 micrograms/kg, i.v.) were administered to dogs. A baseline ECG was obtained, and baseline measurements of arterial blood gas tensions, arterial pressures, heart and respiratory rates, and minute volume were taken before drug administration. All measurements were repeated again 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes after drug administration. Endotracheal intubation was attempted 1 minute after drug administration and then again 5, 10, 20, and 30 minutes after drug administration. Analgesia was evaluated by tail clamp and needle prick testing.
Medetomidine improved quality of anesthetic induction, ease of endotracheal intubation, and extended duration of analgesia and lateral recumbency in anesthetized dogs. The addition of medetomidine to DK increased blood pressure and decreased heart and respiratory rates and minute volume. Hypoxemia was observed in 1 dog after DKM induced anesthesia.
Administration of a microdose of medetomidine provides a useful adjunct to DK induced anesthesia in dogs. Oxygen insufflation is recommended for a minimum of the first 5 minutes of DKM induced anesthesia.
评估小剂量盐酸美托咪定对盐酸地西泮-氯胺酮（DK）诱导犬麻醉的心肺及麻醉效果。
随机交叉研究。
6只2岁健康雌性犬。
本研究旨在比较地西泮-氯胺酮-美托咪定（DKM）与地西泮-氯胺酮诱导6只犬麻醉时的麻醉诱导质量、苏醒情况、镇痛效果、肌肉松弛程度、制动持续时间及气管插管的难易程度。给犬静脉注射地西泮（0.25 mg/kg [0.114 mg/磅]体重）和氯胺酮（5 mg/kg [2.27 mg/磅]），有或无小剂量美托咪定（5微克/千克，静脉注射）。给药前获取基线心电图，并测量动脉血气张力、动脉压、心率、呼吸频率和分钟通气量的基线值。给药后5、10、20和30分钟再次重复所有测量。给药后1分钟尝试气管插管，然后在给药后5、10、20和30分钟再次尝试。通过尾夹和针刺试验评估镇痛效果。
美托咪定改善了麻醉诱导质量、气管插管的难易程度，并延长了麻醉犬的镇痛时间和侧卧时间。在DK中加入美托咪定可使血压升高，心率、呼吸频率和分钟通气量降低。DKM诱导麻醉后1只犬出现低氧血症。
小剂量美托咪定给药是DK诱导犬麻醉有用的辅助方法。建议在DKM诱导麻醉的至少前5分钟进行氧气吹入。
