Gowrishankar T R, Pliquett U, Weaver J C
Harvard-MIT Health Science and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139, USA.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1999 Oct 30;888:183-94. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb07956.x.
Human skin experiences extensive alterations when exposed to a strong electric field. In high voltage electric shocks, tissues in the current path undergo large-scale changes; the stratum corneum (SC), the outermost layer of the skin, loses its barrier function against ionic transport. The primary mechanism of electric field interaction with the skin is the creation of aqueous pathways, which increase the permeability of the skin to ions and macromolecules. Changes in skin structure and electrical properties were characterized by measuring the transport of fluorescent molecules in an in vitro preparation of human cadaver skin in a permeation chamber. Application of high voltage pulses (Uskia > 150 V, tau pulse = 1 ms) decreased the skin resistance per unit area by three orders of magnitude from its initial value of 100 k omega-cm-2. The resistance reached a quasi-steady state after about 20 pulses. After the cessation of pulsing, Rskin recovered immediately to about 4 k omega-cm-2 and remained low for 2 h thereafter. Transport of fluorescent molecules by high voltage pulses occurs in highly localized transport regions (LTRs), with diameters not exceeding 100 microns for short pulses (tau pulse < 5 ms).
人体皮肤暴露于强电场时会经历广泛的变化。在高压电击时，电流路径中的组织会发生大规模变化；角质层（SC），即皮肤的最外层，失去其对离子运输的屏障功能。电场与皮肤相互作用的主要机制是形成水通道，这会增加皮肤对离子和大分子的渗透性。通过在渗透室中测量人尸体皮肤的体外制剂中荧光分子的运输来表征皮肤结构和电学性质的变化。施加高压脉冲（Uskia> 150 V，脉冲宽度tau pulse = 1 ms）使单位面积的皮肤电阻从其初始值100 kΩ·cm-2降低了三个数量级。在大约20个脉冲后，电阻达到准稳态。停止脉冲后，皮肤电阻Rskin立即恢复到约4 kΩ·cm-2，并在其后2小时内保持较低水平。高压脉冲引起的荧光分子运输发生在高度局部化的运输区域（LTRs）中，对于短脉冲（脉冲宽度tau pulse <5 ms），其直径不超过100微米。
