Böni J, Pyra H, Gebhardt M, Perrin L, Bürgisser P, Matter L, Fierz W, Erb P, Piffaretti J C, Minder E, Grob P, Burckhardt J J, Zwahlen M, Schüpbach J
Swiss National Center for Retroviruses, University of Zurich.
J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1999 Oct 1;22(2):174-9. doi: 10.1097/00126334-199910010-00010.
HIV-1 subtypes were determined in newly diagnosed residents of Switzerland. Blood was anonymously collected from patients with a first confirmed positive HIV-1 test result. Viral DNA from the env V3-V5 region was amplified by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and screened for subtype B by heteroduplex mobility assay. All amplicons not identified as B were sequenced. From November 1996 to February 1998, 206 samples were analyzed. Main transmission risks were unprotected heterosexual (55.7%) or homosexual (27.1%) sexual contact or intravenous drug use (12.9%). Subtype B dominated in patients of Swiss, other European, American, or Asian citizenship; particularly high frequencies were found in homosexuals (97%) and drug users (94%). Non-B subtypes including A, C, D, E, F, G, H, a possible B/F recombinant, and a sequence related to J were present in 28.2% (95% confidence interval [CI], 22.9%-35.0%). Non-B were frequent in African citizens (95%), heterosexually infected individuals (44%), and women (43%). Heterosexually infected Swiss males harbored non-B strains in 18% and females in 33%. The results document a change in the epidemiology of newly diagnosed HIV-1 infections in Switzerland: predominance of heterosexual transmission and a high frequency of non-B subtypes.
在瑞士新诊断的居民中确定了HIV-1亚型。从首次确诊HIV-1检测结果呈阳性的患者中匿名采集血液。通过巢式聚合酶链反应（PCR）扩增env V3-V5区域的病毒DNA，并通过异源双链迁移率分析筛选B亚型。所有未鉴定为B的扩增子均进行测序。1996年11月至1998年2月，共分析了206份样本。主要传播风险为无保护的异性性行为（55.7%）或同性性行为（27.1%）或静脉吸毒（12.9%）。B亚型在瑞士、其他欧洲、美国或亚洲籍患者中占主导地位；在同性恋者（97%）和吸毒者（94%）中发现的频率尤其高。非B亚型包括A、C、D、E、F、G、H、一种可能的B/F重组体以及与J相关的一个序列，占28.2%（95%置信区间[CI]，22.9%-35.0%）。非B亚型在非洲籍公民（95%）、异性传播感染个体（44%）和女性（43%）中较为常见。异性传播感染的瑞士男性中18%携带非B毒株，女性中33%携带。这些结果证明了瑞士新诊断HIV-1感染的流行病学发生了变化：异性传播占主导地位且非B亚型频率较高。
