Parvizi N
Department of Physiology, Institute for Animal Science and Animal Behaviour (FAL), Neustadt, Germany.
Anim Reprod Sci. 2000 Jul 2;60-61:31-47. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4320(00)00131-7.
For the past decade, neuroendocrinology, in general, and neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction, in particular, were strongly dominated by molecular genetics and molecular endocrinology. In very recent years, however, neuroendocrinology is taking back its place. Beyond doubt GnRH is the neuroendocrine signal for ovulation. But there are still many unexplored pathways within the 'black box' triggering and regulating this signal. Neuroendocrine control of reproduction starts very early in life, well before birth. Hypophyseal gonadotropin secretion is under hypothalamic control at around mid-gestation in the fetal sheep and the fetal pig. These two species could be considered as best-studied farm animals considering neuroendocrinology. This minireview thus will give in the first part a short survey of developmental processes of some of the neuroendocrine systems in the pig and sheep. In the second part, the opioidergic and catecholaminergic control of gonadotropins in adults will be briefly discussed. The last part will focus on the new less known pathways mediating effects on hormones which regulate the reproductive functions.
在过去十年中，总体而言神经内分泌学，尤其是生殖的神经内分泌调节，一直被分子遗传学和分子内分泌学所主导。然而，近年来，神经内分泌学正在重新占据其应有的地位。毫无疑问，促性腺激素释放激素（GnRH）是排卵的神经内分泌信号。但在触发和调节这一信号的“黑匣子”中，仍有许多未被探索的途径。生殖的神经内分泌控制在生命早期就开始了，早在出生之前。在胎羊和胎猪中，垂体促性腺激素的分泌在妊娠中期左右受下丘脑控制。考虑到神经内分泌学，这两个物种可被视为研究最为充分的农场动物。因此，本综述的第一部分将简要概述猪和羊某些神经内分泌系统的发育过程。第二部分将简要讨论成年动物中阿片肽能和儿茶酚胺能对促性腺激素的控制。最后一部分将聚焦于介导对调节生殖功能的激素产生影响的鲜为人知的新途径。
