Johnston S D, Kamolpatana K, Root-Kustritz M V, Johnston G R
College of Veterinary Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA.
Anim Reprod Sci. 2000 Jul 2;60-61:405-15. doi: 10.1016/s0378-4320(00)00101-9.
Common canine prostatic disorders include benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), prostatitis, prostatic cysts and prostatic adenocarcinoma. BPH is a spontaneous and age-related disorder of intact male dogs, which occurs in more than 80% male dogs over 5 years of age, and which is associated with clinical signs of sanguinous prostatic fluid, constipation and dysuria. BPH signs respond to castration or to finasteride treatment (0.1-0.5 mg/kg per os once daily), as finasteride inhibits conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, causing prostatic involution via apoptosis. BPH often occurs concurrently with prostatic infection, abscessation, cysts and neoplasia in the intact dog, and finasteride-induced prostatic involution may be beneficial in treatment of all of these conditions except neoplasia. Two studies suggest that risk of prostatic adenocarcinoma is increased in neutered, compared to intact male dogs. Although canine prostatic neoplasia, unlike human prostatic neoplasia, usually does not respond to androgen deprivation, recent reports of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) in a high percentage of older male dogs, with and without prostatic adenocarcinoma, suggests that PIN may be a precursor to adenocarcinoma in the dog as it is believed to be in man.
常见的犬前列腺疾病包括良性前列腺增生（BPH）、前列腺炎、前列腺囊肿和前列腺腺癌。BPH是未绝育雄性犬自发的与年龄相关的疾病，发生于80%以上5岁以上的雄性犬，与血性前列腺液、便秘和排尿困难等临床症状相关。BPH症状对去势或非那雄胺治疗（0.1 - 0.5毫克/千克口服，每日一次）有反应，因为非那雄胺抑制睾酮向二氢睾酮的转化，通过凋亡导致前列腺 involution。在未绝育犬中，BPH常与前列腺感染、脓肿、囊肿和肿瘤并发，非那雄胺诱导的前列腺 involution可能对除肿瘤外的所有这些病症的治疗有益。两项研究表明，与未绝育雄性犬相比，绝育雄性犬患前列腺腺癌的风险增加。尽管犬前列腺肿瘤与人类前列腺肿瘤不同，通常对雄激素剥夺无反应，但最近有报道称，高比例的老年雄性犬无论有无前列腺腺癌都存在前列腺上皮内瘤变（PIN），这表明PIN可能是犬前列腺腺癌的前体，就像人们认为它在人类中一样。
