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特定的原则主义:它是什么,它在解决案例方面真的比决疑法更好吗?

Specified principlism: what is it, and does it really resolve cases better than casuistry?

作者信息

Strong C

机构信息

Department of Human Values and Ethics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee, Memphis 38163, USA.

出版信息

J Med Philos. 2000 Jun;25(3):323-41. doi: 10.1076/0360-5310(200006)25:3;1-H;FT323.

Abstract

Principlism has been advocated as an approach to resolving concrete cases and issues in bioethics, but critics have pointed out that a main problem for principlism is its lack of a method for assigning priorities to conflicting ethical principles. A version of principlism referred to as 'specified principlism' has been put forward in an attempt to overcome this problem. However, none of the advocates of specified principlism have attempted to demonstrate that the method actually works in resolving detailed clinical cases. This paper shows that when one tries to use it, specified principlism fails to provide practical assistance in deciding how to resolve concrete cases. Proponents of specified principlism have attempted to defend it by arguing that it is superior to casuistry, but it can be shown that their arguments are faulty. Because of these reasons, specified principlism should not be considered a leading contender in the search for methods of making justifiable decisions in clinical cases.

摘要

原则主义被倡导为一种解决生物伦理学中具体案例和问题的方法,但批评者指出,原则主义的一个主要问题是它缺乏一种为相互冲突的伦理原则确定优先顺序的方法。一种被称为“具体原则主义”的原则主义版本已被提出,试图克服这一问题。然而,具体原则主义的倡导者中没有人试图证明该方法在解决详细的临床案例中确实有效。本文表明,当人们试图使用它时,具体原则主义在决定如何解决具体案例方面未能提供实际帮助。具体原则主义的支持者试图通过辩称它优于决疑法来为其辩护,但可以证明他们的论点是错误的。由于这些原因,在寻找临床案例中做出合理决策的方法时,具体原则主义不应被视为主要的竞争者。

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