Hoffman J H, Barnes G M, Welte J W, Dintcheff B A
Research Institute on Addictions, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA.
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2000 May;26(2):311-24. doi: 10.1081/ada-100100607.
Combinational use of substances refers to taking two or more substances together so that they affect the person at the same time. This pattern of substance use presents unique health and safety risks. Trends in combinational use of alcohol and marijuana or alcohol and cocaine were determined using data from three large comparable samples of students in grades 7-12 in New York State, from surveys conducted in 1983, 1990, and 1994. Each of the three samples was demographically diverse, permitting detailed analysis of trends in various adolescent subgroups according to gender, grade level (age), and race/ethnicity. These two forms of adolescent combinational use of alcohol and illicit drugs dropped sharply from 1983 to 1990, but increased or remained stable from 1990 to 1994. Use of alcohol and marijuana together increased sharply from 1990 to 1994, much more for blacks and Hispanics than for whites, while use of alcohol and crack or cocaine together remained stable at a low level in the 1990s. Both forms of combinational use increased in the 1990s more among younger adolescents than among older ones. Analyses controlling for rates of use also suggest that these forms of combinational use are incidental to the use of the individual substances, rather than uniquely sought "highs." Prevention programs should include warnings about the dangers of combinational use, especially for younger adolescents.
物质的组合使用是指同时服用两种或更多种物质，从而使它们同时对人产生影响。这种物质使用模式带来了独特的健康和安全风险。利用来自纽约州7至12年级学生的三个大型可比样本的数据，确定了酒精与大麻或酒精与可卡因组合使用的趋势，这些数据来自1983年、1990年和1994年进行的调查。这三个样本中的每一个在人口统计学上都具有多样性，从而能够根据性别、年级水平（年龄）和种族/民族对各个青少年亚组的趋势进行详细分析。青少年中酒精与非法药物的这两种组合使用形式在1983年至1990年期间急剧下降，但在1990年至1994年期间有所增加或保持稳定。1990年至1994年期间，酒精与大麻一起使用的情况急剧增加，黑人和西班牙裔的增加幅度远高于白人，而酒精与强效可卡因或可卡因一起使用的情况在20世纪90年代保持在较低水平且稳定。在20世纪90年代，这两种组合使用形式在较年轻的青少年中增加得比年长青少年更多。对使用率进行控制的分析还表明，这些组合使用形式是个体物质使用的附带现象，而不是特意寻求的“快感”。预防计划应包括有关组合使用危险的警告，尤其是针对较年轻的青少年。
