Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, PO Box 1248, Ann Arbor, MI 48106-1248, United States.
Drug Alcohol Depend. 2013 Nov 1;133(1):71-9. doi: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.05.031. Epub 2013 Jun 24.
Simultaneous alcohol and marijuana (SAM) use raises significant concern due to the potential for additive or interactive psychopharmacological effects. However, no nationally representative studies are available that document prevalence, trends, or related factors in US youth SAM use.
Nationally representative cross-sectional samples of 12th grade students surveyed in the Monitoring the Future project from 1976 to 2011 provided data on SAM use. Analyses were conducted in 2012.
In 2011, 23% of all U.S. high school seniors reported any SAM use. Among seniors reporting any past 12-month marijuana use, 62% reported any SAM use and 13% reported SAM use most or every time they used marijuana. SAM use consistently followed trends for past 30-day alcohol use over time. SAM use showed significant variation by psychosocial and demographic characteristics and was strongly associated with higher substance use levels, but occurred across the substance use spectrum. Certain reasons for alcohol or marijuana use (to increase effects of another drug; I'm hooked) and situations of alcohol or marijuana use (park/beach, car, party) were strongly associated with SAM use.
A sizable proportion of US high school seniors reported SAM use, and it appeared to occur frequently in social use situations that could impact both the public as well as youth drug users. SAM use appears to be a complex behavior that is incidental to general substance use patterns as well as associated with (a) specific simultaneous reasons (or expectancies), and (b) heavy substance use and perceived dependence, especially on alcohol.
由于酒精和大麻（SAM）同时使用可能会产生附加或交互的精神药理学效应，因此引起了人们的极大关注。然而，目前还没有全国性的代表性研究来记录美国青少年 SAM 使用的流行率、趋势或相关因素。
监测未来项目 1976 年至 2011 年对 12 年级学生进行的全国代表性横断面抽样调查提供了 SAM 使用的数据。分析于 2012 年进行。
2011 年，所有美国高中高年级学生中有 23%报告有 SAM 使用。在报告过去 12 个月有任何大麻使用的高年级学生中，有 62%报告有任何 SAM 使用，有 13%报告 SAM 使用最频繁或每次使用大麻时都有 SAM 使用。SAM 使用的趋势与过去 30 天的酒精使用情况一致。SAM 使用情况因心理社会和人口统计学特征而存在显著差异，并且与更高的物质使用水平密切相关，但它发生在整个物质使用范围内。某些使用酒精或大麻的原因（增加另一种药物的效果；我上瘾了）和使用酒精或大麻的情况（公园/海滩、汽车、派对）与 SAM 使用密切相关。
相当一部分美国高中高年级学生报告有 SAM 使用，而且它似乎经常发生在可能影响公众和青少年吸毒者的社交使用情况下。SAM 使用似乎是一种复杂的行为，它是一般物质使用模式的附带现象，同时与（a）特定的同时使用原因（或预期）以及（b）大量物质使用和感知依赖相关，尤其是酒精。
