Bosch E, Calafell F, Pérez-Lezaun A, Clarimón J, Comas D, Mateu E, Martínez-Arias R, Morera B, Brakez Z, Akhayat O, Sefiani A, Hariti G, Cambon-Thomsen A, Bertranpetit J
Unitat de Biologia Evolutiva, Facultat de Ciències de la Salut i de la Vida, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain.
Eur J Hum Genet. 2000 May;8(5):360-6. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200464.
We have analysed a large set of autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) loci in several Arabic and Berber-speaking groups from north-west Africa (ie Moroccan Arabs, northern-central and southern Moroccan Berbers, Saharawis, and Mozabites). Two levels of analysis have been devised using two sets of 12STR loci, (D3S1358, vWA, FGA, THO1, TPOX, CSF1PO, D8S1179, D21S11, D18S51, D5S818, D13S317 and D7S820) and 21 (the former set plus D9S926, D11S2010, D13S767, D14S306, D18S848, D2S1328, D4S243, F13A1, and FES/FPS). For each set, data for a number of external reference populations were gathered from the literature. Several methods of analysis based on genetic distances (neighbour-joining trees, principal coordinate analysis, boundary detection), as well as AMOVA, showed that genetic differentiation among NW African populations was very low and devoid of any spatial pattern. When the NW African populations were grouped according to cultural or linguistic differences, the partition was not associated with genetic differentiation. Thus, it is likely that Arabisation was mainly a cultural process. A clear genetic difference was found between NW African populations and Iberians, which underscores the Gilbraltar Straits as a strong barrier to genetic exchange; nonetheless, some degree of gene flow into Southern Iberia may have existed. NW Africans were genetically closer to Iberians and to other Europeans than to African Americans.
我们分析了来自非洲西北部几个讲阿拉伯语和柏柏尔语群体（即摩洛哥阿拉伯人、摩洛哥中北部和南部柏柏尔人、撒哈拉人以及莫扎比特人）的大量常染色体短串联重复序列（STR）位点。利用两组12个STR位点（D3S1358、vWA、FGA、THO1、TPOX、CSF1PO、D8S1179、D21S11、D18S51、D5S818、D13S317和D7S820）以及21个STR位点（前一组加上D9S926、D11S2010、D13S767、D14S306、D18S848、D2S1328、D4S243、F13A1和FES/FPS）设计了两个分析层面。对于每组，从文献中收集了一些外部参考群体的数据。基于遗传距离的几种分析方法（邻接法树、主坐标分析、边界检测）以及分子变异分析（AMOVA）表明，西北非人群之间的遗传分化非常低，且没有任何空间模式。当根据文化或语言差异对西北非人群进行分组时，这种划分与遗传分化无关。因此，阿拉伯化很可能主要是一个文化过程。在西北非人群和伊比利亚人之间发现了明显的遗传差异，这突出了直布罗陀海峡是遗传交流的强大障碍；尽管如此，可能存在一定程度的基因流入伊比利亚半岛南部的情况。西北非人与伊比利亚人和其他欧洲人在基因上比与非裔美国人更接近。
