Mulligan N W, Hornstein S L
Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, Texas 75275-0442, USA.
J Exp Psychol Learn Mem Cogn. 2000 May;26(3):626-37. doi: 10.1037//0278-7393.26.3.626.
Prior research indicates that manipulations of attention during encoding sometimes affect perceptual implicit memory. Two hypotheses were investigated. One proposes that manipulations of attention affect perceptual priming only to the extent that they disrupt stimulus identification. The other attributes reduced priming to the disruptive effects of distractor selection. The role of attention was investigated with a variant of the Stroop task in which participants either read words, identified their color, or did both. Identifying the color reduced priming even when the word was also overtly identified. This result held regardless of whether color and word were presented as a single object (Experiments 1 and 2) or as separate objects (Experiment 4). When participants read and identified a color, the overt order of the responses did not matter; both conditions reduced priming relative to reading alone (Experiment 3). The results provide evidence against the stimulus-identification account but are consistent with the distractor-selection hypothesis.
先前的研究表明，编码过程中的注意力操纵有时会影响知觉内隐记忆。研究了两种假设。一种假设认为，注意力操纵仅在干扰刺激识别的程度上影响知觉启动。另一种假设则将启动减少归因于分心物选择的干扰效应。通过斯特鲁普任务的一个变体来研究注意力的作用，在该变体任务中，参与者要么阅读单词，要么识别单词的颜色，要么两者都做。即使单词也被明确识别，识别颜色也会减少启动。无论颜色和单词是作为单个对象呈现（实验1和2）还是作为单独的对象呈现（实验4），这一结果都成立。当参与者阅读并识别颜色时，反应的明显顺序并不重要；与仅阅读相比，这两种情况都会减少启动（实验3）。结果提供了反对刺激识别解释的证据，但与分心物选择假设一致。
