Rajaram S, Srinivas K, Travers S
Department of Psychology, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794-2500, USA.
Mem Cognit. 2001 Oct;29(7):920-30. doi: 10.3758/bf03195754.
Reports on the effects of dividing attention at study on subsequent perceptual priming suggest that perceptual priming is generally unaffected by attentional manipulations as long as word identity is processed. We tested this hypothesis in three experiments by using the implicit word fragment completion and word stem completion tasks. Division of attention was instantiated with the Stroop task in order to ensure the processing of word identity even when the participant's attention was directed to a stimulus attribute other than the word itself. Under these conditions, we found that even though perceptual priming was significant, it was significantly reduced in magnitude. A stem cued recall test in Experiment 2 confirmed a more deleterious effect of divided attention on explicit memory. Taken together, our findings delineate the relative contributions of perceptual analysis and attentional processes in mediating perceptual priming on two ubiquitously used tasks of word fragment completion and word stem completion.
关于学习时分心对后续知觉启动效应的报告表明，只要对单词的同一性进行了加工，知觉启动通常不会受到注意力操纵的影响。我们通过三项实验，运用内隐词片段补全和词干补全任务对这一假设进行了检验。为了确保即使在参与者的注意力指向单词本身以外的刺激属性时也能对单词的同一性进行加工，我们用斯特鲁普任务来实例化注意力的分散。在这些条件下，我们发现，尽管知觉启动效应显著，但在程度上却显著降低。实验2中的词干线索回忆测试证实了分心对外显记忆有更有害的影响。综上所述，我们的研究结果阐明了在介导词片段补全和词干补全这两项普遍使用的任务中的知觉启动时，知觉分析和注意过程的相对贡献。
