Tahin E, Morava E
Institute of Public Health, Semmelweis University of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary.
Cent Eur J Public Health. 2000 May;8(2):104-8.
The science of public health of the XVIIIth century named politia medica together with medicina forensis became an independent obligatory subject in 1793 at the Medical Faculty of the Hungarian Royal University of Science. The independent Public Health Institute of the Medical Faculty was established in 1874. The first professor of public health was József Fodor who attained international reputation during his professorship. He organized training for school physicians and health teachers first in Europe and he organized courses for medical officers and for military doctors. He held courses for law-, engineer- and architect-students. He promoted all fields of the public health. His research on the bactericide effect of serum places him among the founders of immunology. Fodor's successors at the Chair of Public Health were Leó Liebermann whose research activities included physico-chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology and social hygiene; Gusztáv Rigler who focused on the epidemiology of communicable diseases, on the health effects of spa treatment and mineral waters. The next famous professor was Gyula Darányi. His scientific field was public health bacteriology and public health chemistry. They were followed by József Melly and László Dabis (Scheff). After the Second World War fundamental changes took place in the life of the university. The Faculty of Medicine was separated from the University of Science on February 1, 1951 and became an independent university under the control of the Ministry of Health. In 1953 the Institute of Public Health was cut into two separate institutes: Institute of Public Health and Institute for the Organization of Health Service. The Institute of Public Health was transformed to Institute of Public Health and Epidemiology in 1973. The Institute for the Organization of Health Service was transformed into Institute of Social Medicine and History of Medicine in 1985 and later into Institute of History of Medicine and Social Medicine in 1991. The Institute of Public Health and Epidemiology and The Institute of History of Medicine and Social Medicine were reunited as Institute of Public Health in 1997. The Institute teaches public health to medical, dental and pharmacy students in Hungarian, in English and in German.
18世纪的公共卫生科学与法医学一起被称为“医政学”，1793年在匈牙利皇家科学大学医学院成为一门独立的必修学科。医学院独立的公共卫生研究所于1874年成立。公共卫生学的第一位教授是约瑟夫·福多尔，他在担任教授期间享有国际声誉。他首先在欧洲为学校医生和健康教师组织培训，还为军医和军队医生组织课程。他为法律、工程和建筑专业的学生开设课程。他推动了公共卫生的各个领域。他对血清杀菌作用的研究使他跻身免疫学创始人之列。公共卫生学教授职位的继任者有莱奥·利伯曼，其研究活动包括物理化学、生物化学、微生物学和社会卫生学；古斯塔夫·里格勒，专注于传染病流行病学、温泉治疗和矿泉水对健康的影响。下一位著名教授是久洛·达拉尼。他的科学领域是公共卫生细菌学和公共卫生化学。随后是约瑟夫·梅利和拉斯洛·达比斯（谢夫）。第二次世界大战后，大学的生活发生了根本性变化。1951年2月1日，医学院从科学大学分离出来，成为卫生部管辖下的一所独立大学。1953年，公共卫生研究所分为两个独立的研究所：公共卫生研究所和卫生服务组织研究所。1973年，公共卫生研究所转变为公共卫生与流行病学研究所。卫生服务组织研究所于1985年转变为社会医学与医学史研究所，1991年更名为医学史与社会医学研究所。1997年，公共卫生与流行病学研究所和医学史与社会医学研究所重新合并为公共卫生研究所。该研究所用匈牙利语、英语和德语为医学、牙科和药学专业的学生教授公共卫生学。
