Fornage B D
Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030 USA.
JBR-BTR. 2000 Apr;83(2):75-80.
Breast sonography has come to maturity during the past decade. Recent and ongoing technological developments include higher-frequency wideband transducers, 2-D array phased-array technology, extended-field-of-view imaging, three-dimensional sonography, higher-sensitivity color and power Doppler imaging, contrast agents, and harmonic imaging. Applications of breast sonography have thus expanded, with more reliable tissue characterization and differentiation between benign and malignant diseases and improved staging of cancer patients. Sonography has become the guidance technique of choice not only for percutaneous needle biopsy but also for many other interventional procedures involving nonpalpable breast masses. In selected cases, sonography can even be used to biopsy or localize calcifications that can be clearly identified on sonography. A growing field of research is ultrasound-guided percutaneous ablation of breast lesions using cryotherapy or radiofrequency.
在过去十年中，乳腺超声检查已发展成熟。近期及正在进行的技术发展包括更高频率的宽带换能器、二维阵列相控阵技术、宽视野成像、三维超声检查、更高灵敏度的彩色和能量多普勒成像、造影剂以及谐波成像。乳腺超声检查的应用范围因此得以扩大，在组织特征描述以及良性和恶性疾病的鉴别方面更加可靠，同时癌症患者的分期也得到了改善。超声检查不仅已成为经皮穿刺活检的首选引导技术，还成为许多其他涉及不可触及乳腺肿块的介入操作的首选引导技术。在某些特定情况下，超声检查甚至可用于对在超声检查中能够清晰识别的钙化灶进行活检或定位。一个不断发展的研究领域是使用冷冻疗法或射频消融术对乳腺病变进行超声引导下的经皮消融。
