Gerhard J P, Willard D, Risse J F, Kuss J J, Messer J
Ophthalmologica. 1978;177(6):293-303. doi: 10.1159/000308784.
The retinal periphery of 60 premature children now between 5 and 8 years of age and with a weight at birth equal or less than 1,500 g has been investigated. In 20% of these children, pigmentary modifications were noted which were often associated with chorioretinal atrophy. Polymorphic vascular abnormalities were seen in 14% of the cases, i.e. sinuous vessels of irregular caliber or neovascularization. Abnormalities of the vitreous body were also noted in 12% of the patients with glial bags on the periphery and sometimes potentially dangerous tractions folds (4%). All these abnormalities could cause complications such as retinal tear, retinoschisis or retinal detachment. Even if these signs are discrete, they can later on be the source of complications. Refraction studies revealed 30% of myopic children. The most important group had myopias equal or higher than 8 d. The characteristics of the myopia of premature children are its constancy (all premature children are myopic at birth); its importance (it depends on birth weight and on the severity of the retinopathy), and its evolution (the myopia of premature children does not evolve or evolves very slightly).
对60名目前年龄在5至8岁、出生体重等于或低于1500克的早产儿的视网膜周边进行了研究。在这些儿童中，20%被观察到有色素改变，且常伴有脉络膜视网膜萎缩。14%的病例出现多形性血管异常，即管径不规则的迂曲血管或新生血管形成。12%的患者还存在玻璃体异常，周边有胶质袋，有时还有潜在危险的牵引皱襞（4%）。所有这些异常都可能导致视网膜撕裂、视网膜劈裂或视网膜脱离等并发症。即使这些体征不明显，它们日后也可能引发并发症。屈光研究显示30%的儿童近视。最重要的一组近视度数等于或高于8屈光度。早产儿近视的特点是其持续性（所有早产儿出生时都是近视）；其严重性（取决于出生体重和视网膜病变的严重程度），以及其发展（早产儿的近视不发展或发展非常缓慢）。
