Blastocyst implantation: the adhesion cascade.

This review covers the sequence of cell adhesion events occurring during implantation of the mammalian embryo, concentrating on data from mouse and human. The analogy is explored between initial attachment of trophoblast to the uterine lining epithelium and that of neutrophils to the endothelial lining of blood vessels at sites of inflammation. The possible role of various carbohydrate ligands in initial attachment of the blastocyst is reviewed. The evidence for subsequent stabilization of cell adhesion via integrins or the trophinin-tastin complex is discussed.