Santiago Delefosse M
Laboratoire de Psychologie Clinique et de Psychopathologie, Université de Paris V, René Descartes.
Encephale. 2000 Jan-Feb;26(1):8-20.
Author focuses on qualitative approach of emotions with their human function. She postulates that emotions would be one of the way of the mind's body-inscription. A short presentation of the actual discussion, within psychoneurology and cognitive psychology, shows the lack of a developmental perspective. From the Wallon's emotions theory, the author presents a model that allows to go beyond this limit and to redefine the primary function of emotions: the "body-psycho-social Wallon's model" of emotions. Wallon's emotional model focuses on the interaction between body-image and psycho-social construction. This model: a) fixes the emotions into automatisms, but these automatisms are already in link with the social world (through the sense of the mother's language), b) establishes the integrative function of antagonisms (between mind and automatisms, between emotions and mind, between emotions and automatisms). This model shows that emotion's function cannot be reduce to the adaptative response to an unpredictable situation (cognitive or motor). The initial function of emotions concerns the communication system, or better, the first function of emotions is a search for action on family circle, by means of mimicry with ambient and emotional contagion. This emotional system is completely dependent (addicted) on the environment. It gives a "tool" to put in coordination with its environment: a) it favours the setting up of an instant empathy within infant and family circle, b) it makes easier the mind and motor accommodation, c) it put in the necessary plasticity for the emergence of the consciousness.
作者关注情感的定性方法及其人类功能。她假定情感是心灵对身体铭刻的方式之一。对心理神经学和认知心理学中实际讨论的简短介绍表明缺乏发展视角。基于瓦隆的情感理论，作者提出了一个模型，该模型能够突破这一局限并重新定义情感的主要功能：情感的“身体 - 心理 - 社会瓦隆模型”。瓦隆的情感模型侧重于身体意象与心理社会建构之间的相互作用。该模型：a）将情感固定为自动机制，但这些自动机制已经与社会世界相联系（通过母亲语言的意义），b）确立了对抗的整合功能（在心灵与自动机制之间、情感与心灵之间、情感与自动机制之间）。该模型表明情感的功能不能简化为对不可预测情况（认知或运动）的适应性反应。情感的初始功能涉及交流系统，或者更确切地说，情感的首要功能是通过与周围环境的模仿和情感感染在家庭圈子中寻求行动。这种情感系统完全依赖（上瘾）于环境。它提供了一种与环境协调的“工具”：a）它有利于在婴儿和家庭圈子中建立即时同理心，b）它使心灵和运动适应更加容易，c）它为意识的出现提供了必要的可塑性。
