Shinnick T M
Division of AIDS, STD, and Tuberculosis Laboratory Research, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA.
Clin Infect Dis. 2000 Jun;30 Suppl 3:S276-8. doi: 10.1086/313873.
To aid in the evaluation of preexposure and postinfection vaccines to prevent tuberculosis, diagnostic tests are needed that can clearly distinguish immunologic protection from vaccine failure in a timely manner. The currently available tests to detect infected persons (tuberculin skin-test) and confirm active disease (conventional culture methods) have limitations in specificity, sensitivity, or timeliness. Research to identify (1) surrogate markers of infection, disease, or protection and (2) stage-specific antigens or immune responses holds some promise for the development of new tests that can distinguish the various outcomes of an infection or a vaccination.
为了有助于评估预防结核病的暴露前和感染后疫苗，需要能够及时明确区分免疫保护和疫苗失效的诊断测试。目前用于检测感染者（结核菌素皮肤试验）和确诊活动性疾病（传统培养方法）的测试在特异性、敏感性或及时性方面存在局限性。识别（1）感染、疾病或保护的替代标志物以及（2）阶段特异性抗原或免疫反应的研究为开发能够区分感染或疫苗接种各种结果的新测试带来了一些希望。
