Holgado B, de Irala-Estévez J, Martínez-González M A, Gibney M, Kearney J, Martínez J A
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2000 Jun;54(6):453-9. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1600996.
Our purpose was to identify the main barriers and benefits perceived by the European citizens in regard to following a healthy diet and to assess the differences in expected benefits and difficulties between Spain and the remaining countries of the European Union.
A cross-sectional study in which quota-controlled, nationally representative samples of approximately 1000 adults from each country completed a questionnaire.
The survey was carried out between October 1995 and February 1996 in the 15 member states of the European Union.
Participants (aged 15 y and older) were selected and interviewed in their homes about their attitudes towards healthy diets. They were asked to select two options from a list of 22 potential barriers to achieve a healthy diet and the benefits derived from a healthy diet. The associations of the perceived benefits of barriers with the sociodemographic variables within Spain and the rest of the European Union were compared with the Pearson chi-squared test and the chi-squared linear trend test. Two multivariate logistic regression models were also fitted to assess the characteristics independently related to the selection of 'Resistance to change' among the main barriers and to the selection of 'Prevent disease/stay healthy' as the main perceived benefits.
The barrier most frequently mentioned in Spain was 'Irregular work hours' (29.7%) in contrast with the rest of the European Union where 'Giving up foods that I like' was the barrier most often chosen (26.2%). In the multivariate logistic regression model studying resistance to change, Spaniards were less resistant to change than the rest of the European Union. The benefit more frequently mentioned across Europe was 'Prevent disease/stay healthy'. In the multivariate logistic regression model women, older individuals, and people with a higher educational level were more likely to choose this benefit.
It is apparent that there are many barriers to achieve healthy eating, mostly lack of time. For this reason a higher availability of food in line with the nutrition guidelines could be helpful. The population could have a better knowledge of the benefits derived from a healthy diet.
我们的目的是确定欧洲公民在遵循健康饮食方面所感知到的主要障碍和益处，并评估西班牙与欧盟其他国家在预期益处和困难方面的差异。
一项横断面研究，每个国家约1000名成年人的配额控制、具有全国代表性的样本完成了一份问卷。
该调查于1995年10月至1996年2月在欧盟15个成员国进行。
选择年龄在15岁及以上的参与者，并在其家中就他们对健康饮食的态度进行访谈。要求他们从22个实现健康饮食的潜在障碍和健康饮食带来的益处列表中选择两个选项。使用Pearson卡方检验和卡方线性趋势检验比较了西班牙和欧盟其他国家中感知到的障碍和益处与社会人口统计学变量之间的关联。还拟合了两个多变量逻辑回归模型，以评估与主要障碍中“抗拒改变”的选择以及作为主要感知益处的“预防疾病/保持健康”的选择独立相关的特征。
西班牙最常提到的障碍是“工作时间不规律”（29.7%），而在欧盟其他国家，最常选择的障碍是“放弃我喜欢的食物”（26.2%）。在研究抗拒改变的多变量逻辑回归模型中，西班牙人比欧盟其他国家的人对改变的抗拒性更小。欧洲各地最常提到的益处是“预防疾病/保持健康”。在多变量逻辑回归模型中，女性、年长者和教育水平较高的人更有可能选择这一益处。
显然，实现健康饮食存在许多障碍，主要是缺乏时间。因此，提供更多符合营养指南的食物可能会有所帮助。民众可能对健康饮食带来的益处有更好的了解。
