Bettcher D W, Yach D, Guindon G E
Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, Tobacco Free Initiative, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Bull World Health Organ. 2000;78(4):521-34.
Globalization of trade, marketing and investment has important implications for public health, both negative and positive. This article considers the implications of the single package of World Trade Organization (WTO) agreements for public health research and policy, focusing on three themes: commodities, intellectual property rights, and health services. The main aims of the analysis are as follows: to identify how trade issues are associated with the transnationalization of health risks and possible benefits; to identify key areas of research; and to suggest policy-relevant advice and interventions on trade and health issues. The next wave of international trade law will need to take more account of global public health issues. However, to become more engaged in global trade debates, the public health community must gain an understanding of the health effects of global trade agreements. It must also ensure that its own facts are correct, so that public health is not blindly used for political ends, such as justifying unwarranted economic protectionism. "Healthy trade" policies, based on firm empirical evidence and designed to improve health status, are an important step towards reaching a more sustainable form of trade liberalization.
贸易、营销和投资的全球化对公共卫生有着重要影响，既有负面的，也有正面的。本文探讨世界贸易组织（WTO）一揽子协议对公共卫生研究和政策的影响，重点关注三个主题：商品、知识产权和卫生服务。分析的主要目的如下：确定贸易问题如何与健康风险和潜在益处的跨国化相关联；确定关键研究领域；就贸易与卫生问题提出与政策相关的建议和干预措施。下一波国际贸易法需要更多地考虑全球公共卫生问题。然而，为了更深入地参与全球贸易辩论，公共卫生界必须了解全球贸易协定对健康的影响。它还必须确保自身掌握的事实准确无误，以免公共卫生被盲目用于政治目的，比如为无端的经济保护主义提供正当理由。基于确凿实证证据且旨在改善健康状况的“健康贸易”政策，是迈向更可持续的贸易自由化形式的重要一步。
