Kenney J W, Bhattacharjee A
College of Nursing, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA.
J Adv Nurs. 2000 Jul;32(1):249-58. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01464.x.
Theories have linked various stressors with health problems, and some studies have identified personality traits that enhance health. However, few studies have examined the interaction among women's stressors, personality traits and their health. This retrospective study (1996-1997) analysed the effects of women's major stressors and personality traits on symptoms of health problems, and developed a model of women's health based on the interaction among these factors. A convenience sample of 300 women aged between 18 and 66 years completed a questionnaire that measured three types of stressors, eight personality traits and 40 symptoms of health problems. Principle components and factor analyses identified the best items to measure the stressors, traits and problems. New reduced data subsets were constructed for classification tree analyses to identify the effects of stressors and personality traits on women's health. Women with medium or high stressors and low assertiveness, low hardiness, or the inability to express their feelings, were more likely to report physical symptoms than women who were stronger in these personality traits. Also, women with medium or high stressors and low to medium trust or love relationships were very likely to report high emotional symptoms, as were women with high trust or love, who did not express their feelings. An interactive model of women's health was supported. The amount of women's stressors and their personality traits may increase or diminish their stress response and affect their health. Nurses can identify women with high stressors and unhealthy personality traits that increase their risk for stress-related illnesses, and assist these women to modify their stressors or personality traits to enhance their health.
理论已将各种压力源与健康问题联系起来，一些研究也确定了有助于健康的人格特质。然而，很少有研究考察女性的压力源、人格特质及其健康之间的相互作用。这项回顾性研究（1996 - 1997年）分析了女性主要压力源和人格特质对健康问题症状的影响，并基于这些因素之间的相互作用建立了女性健康模型。一个由300名年龄在18至66岁之间的女性组成的便利样本完成了一份问卷，该问卷测量了三种压力源、八种人格特质以及40种健康问题症状。主成分分析和因子分析确定了测量压力源、特质和问题的最佳项目。构建了新的简化数据子集用于分类树分析，以确定压力源和人格特质对女性健康的影响。与在这些人格特质方面更强的女性相比，压力源处于中等或较高水平且自信不足、坚韧度低或无法表达自己感受的女性更有可能报告身体症状。此外，压力源处于中等或较高水平且信任或恋爱关系处于低到中等水平的女性非常有可能报告高情绪症状，那些信任或恋爱程度高但不表达自己感受的女性也是如此。女性健康的交互模型得到了支持。女性压力源的数量及其人格特质可能会增强或减弱她们的应激反应并影响其健康。护士可以识别出压力源高且人格特质不健康从而增加与压力相关疾病风险的女性，并帮助这些女性改变她们的压力源或人格特质以增进健康。
