Dairkee S H, Smith H S
Geraldine Brush Cancer Research Institute, California Pacific Medical Center, San Francisco 94115, USA.
J Mammary Gland Biol Neoplasia. 1996 Apr;1(2):139-51. doi: 10.1007/BF02013638.
At the histological level, breast tumors display a variety of morphologic lesions which suggest the existence of an increasingly aberrant pathway of intermediate steps leading to the invasive primary tumor and its metastatic dissemination. In order to obtain direct evidence for this presumed progression, underlying genetic changes must be identified. Analyses of primary breast tumors have revealed a large number of dominant and recessive gene alterations encompassing several cellular attributes and activities. It is quite likely that some of these alterations are of a causal nature and thus enable the tumor to attain distinctive malignant phenotypes, such as, dysregulated proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and ability to metastasize. Considerable heterogeneity has been observed in the sequence of acquisition of these genetic changes, which is substantiated by recent comparative analyses between carefully microdissected preinvasive and invasive tumor. The data are evaluated here in the context of existing models of breast cancer progression. Implication and prospects for translational application to the clinic are also discussed.
在组织学层面，乳腺肿瘤呈现出多种形态学病变，这表明存在一条越来越异常的中间步骤途径，导致原发性浸润性肿瘤及其转移扩散。为了获得这种假定进展的直接证据，必须识别潜在的基因变化。对原发性乳腺肿瘤的分析揭示了大量显性和隐性基因改变，涵盖了多种细胞特性和活动。其中一些改变很可能具有因果性质，从而使肿瘤能够获得独特的恶性表型，如增殖失调、侵袭、血管生成和转移能力。在这些基因变化的获得顺序中观察到了相当大的异质性，最近对仔细显微切割的侵袭前和侵袭性肿瘤进行的比较分析证实了这一点。本文在现有乳腺癌进展模型的背景下对这些数据进行了评估。还讨论了其在临床转化应用中的意义和前景。
