Vernon Ann E, Bakewell Suzanne J, Chodosh Lewis A
Department of Cancer Biology, and The Abramson Family Cancer Research Institute, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, 612 BRB II/III, 421 Curie Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6160, USA.
Rev Endocr Metab Disord. 2007 Sep;8(3):199-213. doi: 10.1007/s11154-007-9041-5.
Breast cancer begins as a localized disease, but has the potential to spread to distant sites within the body. This process--known as metastasis--is the leading cause of death from breast cancer. Whether the ability of cancer cells to metastasize is an intrinsic or acquired feature is currently a topic of considerable debate. Nevertheless, the key cellular events required for metastasis are generally accepted. These include invasion of the surrounding stromal tissue, intravasation, evasion of programmed cell death, arrest within the vasculature at a distant site, extravasation, and establishment and growth within a new microenvironment. The development of mouse models that faithfully mimic critical aspects of human neoplasia has been instrumental in framing our current understanding of multistage carcinogenesis. This review examines the advantages and limitations of existing murine models for mammary carcinogenesis for probing the molecular mechanisms that contribute to metastasis, as well as non-invasive tumor imaging approaches to facilitate these investigations.
乳腺癌起初是一种局部疾病，但有可能扩散至身体的其他部位。这个过程——即转移——是乳腺癌致死的主要原因。癌细胞转移的能力是一种内在特征还是后天获得的特征，目前是一个备受争议的话题。然而，转移所需的关键细胞事件已得到普遍认可。这些事件包括侵入周围的基质组织、进入血管、逃避程序性细胞死亡、在远处血管中滞留、穿出血管以及在新的微环境中形成并生长。能够忠实地模拟人类肿瘤形成关键方面的小鼠模型的开发，对构建我们目前对多阶段致癌作用的理解起到了重要作用。本综述探讨了现有用于乳腺癌发生的小鼠模型在探究促成转移的分子机制方面的优势和局限性，以及有助于这些研究的非侵入性肿瘤成像方法。
