Troilo D, Nickla D L, Wildsoet C F
Department of Biological Science and Disease, New England College of Optometry, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2000 Jul;41(8):2043-9.
Experimental manipulations of visual experience are known to affect the growth of the eye and the development of refractive state in a variety of species including human and nonhuman primates. For example, it is well established that visual form deprivation causes elongation of the eye and myopia. The effects of such manipulations have generally been examined in neonatal or juvenile animals. Whether adolescent common marmosets (a new world primate) are susceptible to form deprivation myopia was studied.
Five adolescent marmosets were used in this study. Monocular form deprivation was induced by lid closure for 12 to 20 weeks, starting between 299 and 315 days of age. The effects of deprivation were assessed with keratometry, A-scan ultrasonography, and cycloplegic refractions. Both eyes (treated and fellow control) were measured before lid-closure, at the end of the deprivation period, and several times over the following 8 to 12 weeks.
Adolescent marmosets are susceptible to visual form deprivation myopia. The experimental eyes showed significant axial elongation and myopia relative to the fellow control eyes. These changes were smaller, however, than those observed in younger eyes deprived for comparable periods. Like juvenile animals, the adolescent marmosets did not show recovery from myopia over the period monitored.
The period for susceptibility to form deprivation myopia in the marmoset monkey extends beyond the early developmental period when ocular growth is rapid and emmetropization normally takes place. Visual form deprivation in adolescent marmosets with adult-sized eyes results in increased ocular growth and myopia. These data suggest that visual factors may influence the growth and refractive development of the human eye after puberty and may be involved in late-onset myopia.
已知对视觉经验进行实验性操作会影响包括人类和非人类灵长类动物在内的多种物种的眼睛生长和屈光状态的发育。例如，视觉形态剥夺会导致眼睛伸长和近视，这一点已得到充分证实。此类操作的影响通常在新生或幼年动物中进行研究。本研究探讨了青春期普通狨猴（一种新大陆灵长类动物）是否易患形态剥夺性近视。
本研究使用了5只青春期狨猴。在299至315日龄之间开始，通过眼睑闭合诱导单眼形态剥夺12至20周。通过角膜曲率测量、A超超声检查和睫状肌麻痹验光来评估剥夺的影响。在眼睑闭合前、剥夺期结束时以及随后的8至12周内多次测量双眼（处理眼和对侧对照眼）。
青春期狨猴易患视觉形态剥夺性近视。实验眼相对于对侧对照眼表现出明显的眼轴伸长和近视。然而，这些变化比在相似时间段内剥夺的幼龄眼观察到的变化要小。与幼年动物一样，青春期狨猴在监测期内近视未恢复。
狨猴对形态剥夺性近视的易感性时期超出了眼生长迅速且通常发生正视化的早期发育阶段。成年大小眼睛的青春期狨猴的视觉形态剥夺会导致眼生长增加和近视。这些数据表明，视觉因素可能会影响青春期后人眼的生长和屈光发育，并且可能与迟发性近视有关。
