Ladabaum U, Minoshima S, Owyang C
Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0538, USA.
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2000 Jul;279(1):G1-6. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.2000.279.1.G1.
Somatic and visceral sensation, including pain perception, can be studied noninvasively in humans with functional brain imaging techniques. Positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging have identified a series of cerebral regions involved in the processing of somatic pain, including the anterior cingulate, insular, prefrontal, inferior parietal, primary and secondary somatosensory, and primary motor and premotor cortices, the thalamus, hypothalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Experimental evidence supports possible specific roles for individual structures in processing the various dimensions of pain, such as encoding of affect in the anterior cingulate cortex. Visceral sensation has been examined in the setting of myocardial ischemia, distension of hollow viscera, and esophageal acidification. Although knowledge regarding somatic sensation is more extensive than the information available for visceral sensation, important similarities have emerged between cerebral representations of somatic and visceral pain.
躯体感觉和内脏感觉，包括痛觉，可通过功能性脑成像技术在人体中进行非侵入性研究。正电子发射断层扫描和功能磁共振成像已确定了一系列参与躯体疼痛处理的脑区，包括前扣带回、岛叶、前额叶、顶下小叶、初级和次级躯体感觉皮层以及初级运动皮层和运动前区皮层、丘脑、下丘脑、脑干和小脑。实验证据支持各个结构在处理疼痛的不同维度中可能具有特定作用，例如前扣带回皮层中情感的编码。在内脏感觉方面，已经在心肌缺血、中空脏器扩张和食管酸化的情况下进行了研究。尽管关于躯体感觉的知识比内脏感觉的可用信息更为广泛，但在躯体疼痛和内脏疼痛的脑表征之间已经出现了重要的相似之处。
