Strickman D, Miller M E, Kim H C, Lee K W
5th Medical Detachment, 18th Medical Command, Yongsan Garrison, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
J Am Mosq Control Assoc. 2000 Jun;16(2):100-13.
Since 1993, more than 2,000 cases of vivax malaria have occurred in the Republic of Korea in an epidemic that ended nearly 20 malaria-free years. Most malaria has occurred in the northwestern part of the country, mainly affecting Korean military personnel. As a part of an operational surveillance effort, we sampled mosquitoes in and near the Demilitarized Zone (Paju County, Kyonggi Province) during the last 2 wk of July in 1996 and from May 15 to September 10 in 1997. The 1st year, landing collections were done at 5 different sites; the 2nd year, carbon-dioxide-baited light traps at 5 sites, larval collections in 10 adjacent fields, and landing collections at 1 site in the Demilitarized Zone were performed weekly. Of 17 species collected, Anopheles sinensis was consistently the most abundant mosquito, comprising 79-96% of mosquitoes. The diel pattern of biting by An. sinensis varied by location and season, with the majority of individuals biting late at night during warm weather (>20 degrees C) and early at night during cool weather. In contrast, Aedes vexans nipponii (the 2nd most abundant species) bit in the greatest numbers at the same time all season, from 2000 to 2300 h. Among the correlates with abundance of An. sinensis were average nighttime temperature 2 wk previous to the night in question, wind late at night (negatively correlated), and apparent size of the moon (negatively correlated). The data showed that the exact number of An. sinensis biting could not be estimated from numbers collected in carbon-dioxide-baited light traps. On the other hand, a threshold of 15 An. sinensis per trap night corresponded (88% accuracy) to a threshold of 12 mosquitoes biting 2 adjacent collectors per night. Larval collections were also significantly correlated with landing collections, despite inexact sampling methods and separation of the larval habitat from the site where landing collections were performed. Operational entomology assets using nighttime temperature records, carbon-dioxide-baited light traps, and larval collections should be able to target their efforts in Korea more efficiently.
自1993年以来，在韩国结束了近20年无疟疾状态的一次疟疾流行中，间日疟病例超过2000例。多数疟疾发生在该国西北部，主要影响韩国军事人员。作为一项行动监测工作的一部分，我们于1996年7月的最后两周以及1997年5月15日至9月10日在非军事区（京畿道坡州市）及其附近采集蚊子样本。第一年，在5个不同地点进行着陆采集；第二年，在5个地点使用二氧化碳诱蚊灯诱捕，每周在10个相邻田地采集幼虫，并在非军事区的1个地点进行着陆采集。在所采集的17个蚊种中，中华按蚊始终是数量最多的蚊种，占所采蚊子的79%至96%。中华按蚊的叮咬昼夜模式因地点和季节而异，在温暖天气（>20摄氏度）时，大多数个体在深夜叮咬，在凉爽天气时则在傍晚叮咬。相比之下，骚扰伊蚊日本亚种（数量第二多的蚊种）在整个季节的同一时间（2000至2300时）叮咬数量最多。与中华按蚊数量相关的因素包括在所研究夜晚前两周的平均夜间温度、深夜的风（负相关）以及月亮的视大小（负相关）。数据表明，无法根据二氧化碳诱蚊灯诱捕到的数量来估计中华按蚊的实际叮咬数量。另一方面，每个诱捕夜捕获15只中华按蚊的阈值（准确率88%）相当于每晚有12只蚊子叮咬相邻的两名采集者的阈值。尽管幼虫采样方法不精确且幼虫栖息地与着陆采集地点分开，但幼虫采集数量也与着陆采集数量显著相关。利用夜间温度记录、二氧化碳诱蚊灯和幼虫采集的行动昆虫学资源应能够更有效地在韩国开展工作。
