Weild A R, Gill O N, Bennett D, Livingstone S J, Parry J V, Curran L
PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre, London.
Commun Dis Public Health. 2000 Jun;3(2):121-6.
Prisoners in eight of the 135 prisons in England and Wales were surveyed in 1997 and 1998 to study the prevalence of and risk factors for transmission of bloodborne viruses in prison. Subjects voluntarily completed a risk factor questionnaire and provided oral fluid specimens for unlinked anonymous testing for the presence of antibodies to HIV, hepatitis C virus (HCV), and the core antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBc). Almost 8% (4778) of the total of 60,561 prisoners were eligible and four fifths (3942) of those eligible took part. Among all those tested (3930) 0.4% (14) were positive for anti-HIV, 8% (308) for anti-HBc, and 7% (293) for anti-HCV (the anti-HBc and anti-HCV prevalences were not adjusted for assay sensitivities of 82% and 80%, respectively). Twenty-four per cent (777/3176) of adult prisoners reported ever having injected drugs, 30% of whom (224/747) reported having injected in prison. Three quarters of those who injected in prison (167/224) shared needles or syringes. Among adult injecting drug users, 0.5% (4/775) had anti-HIV, 31% (240/775) anti-HCV, and 20% (158/775) anti-HBc. The presence of anti-HCV and anti-HBc was associated with injecting inside prison and number of previous times in prison. The results suggest that hepatitis viruses are probably being transmitted in prisons through sharing non-sterile injecting equipment and that a risk of HIV transmission exists. Harm minimisation measures for the 6% of prisoners who continue to inject while in prison should be strengthened.
1997年和1998年，对英格兰和威尔士135所监狱中的8所监狱的囚犯进行了调查，以研究监狱中血源病毒传播的流行情况和危险因素。受试者自愿填写一份危险因素问卷，并提供口腔液样本，用于对艾滋病毒、丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）和乙型肝炎病毒核心抗原（HBc）抗体进行不关联匿名检测。在总共60561名囚犯中，近8%（4778名）符合条件，其中五分之四（3942名）符合条件的囚犯参与了调查。在所有接受检测的人（3930名）中，0.4%（14名）抗艾滋病毒呈阳性，8%（308名）抗HBc呈阳性，7%（293名）抗HCV呈阳性（抗HBc和抗HCV的流行率未分别针对82%和80%的检测灵敏度进行调整）。24%（777/3176）的成年囚犯报告曾注射过毒品，其中30%（224/747）报告在监狱内注射过。在监狱内注射的人中，四分之三（167/224）共用针头或注射器。在成年注射吸毒者中，0.5%（4/775）有抗艾滋病毒，31%（240/775）有抗HCV，20%（158/775）有抗HBc。抗HCV和抗HBc的存在与在监狱内注射以及以前入狱次数有关。结果表明，肝炎病毒可能在监狱中通过共用未消毒的注射设备传播，并且存在艾滋病毒传播的风险。对于6%在监狱中继续注射毒品的囚犯，应加强减少伤害措施。
