Goldhammer Y, Smith J L
Arch Ophthalmol. 1975 Feb;93(2):115-8. doi: 10.1001/archopht.1975.01010020121004.
Basal encephalocele should be suspected in child when hypertelorism, defect of the bridge of the nose, and other midfacial anomalies are present. Optic nerve anomalies may occur with basal encephalocele. Those previously described are pale discs, coloboma of the optic nerve head, and pit of the optic disc. Two additional disc anomalies that are associated with basal encephalocele are megalopapilla and optic nerve dysplasia. A mass in the nose or nasopharynx under these circumstances is most likely an encephalocele and biopsy is contraindicated.
当儿童出现眼距过宽、鼻梁缺损及其他面中部异常时，应怀疑存在基底脑膨出。基底脑膨出可能伴有视神经异常。之前描述过的视神经异常有视盘苍白、视神经乳头缺损及视盘凹陷。另外两种与基底脑膨出相关的视盘异常是视盘巨大和视神经发育不良。在这些情况下，鼻腔或鼻咽部的肿物很可能是脑膨出，禁忌活检。
