Marsh W W
Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas 79430, USA.
Adolesc Med. 2000 Jun;11(2):263-78.
This article reviews the following gastrointestinal infections: esophagitis, gastritis, duodenitis including duodenal ulcers, and enteritis (gastroenteritis). The epidemiology, risk factors, microbiology and pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment, morbidity/mortality, and prevention are discussed in relation to the most important pathogens. The symptoms and pathogenesis of esophagitis caused by Candida albicans and herpes simplex are contrasted with the symptoms of esophagitis caused by Helicobacter pylori and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The incidence of gastritis and gastric and duodenal ulcers caused by H. pylori is discussed. The treatment regimens of H. pylori infection recommended by the CDC are presented. Endoscopic findings in esophagitis, gastritis, and duodenal ulcers are presented and discussed. The difference in symptoms caused by viral agents (Norwalk virus), bacterial agents (enterotoxigenic E. coli), and parasites (Giardia lamblia and Cryptosporidium parvum) are compared and contrasted. The symptoms of infections of the terminal small bowel caused by Salmonella and Campylobacter jejuni and the symptoms of pure colonic infection, dysentery, caused by Shigella and enteroinvasive E. coli and Entamoeba histolytica are discussed. The treatment regimens for enteritis are presented.
食管炎、胃炎、十二指肠炎症（包括十二指肠溃疡）以及肠炎（肠胃炎）。针对最重要的病原体，探讨了其流行病学、危险因素、微生物学及发病机制、诊断、治疗、发病率/死亡率以及预防措施。将白色念珠菌和单纯疱疹引起的食管炎的症状及发病机制与幽门螺杆菌和胃食管反流病（GERD）引起的食管炎症状进行了对比。讨论了幽门螺杆菌引起的胃炎以及胃和十二指肠溃疡的发病率。介绍了美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）推荐的幽门螺杆菌感染治疗方案。展示并讨论了食管炎、胃炎和十二指肠溃疡的内镜检查结果。比较并对比了病毒制剂（诺如病毒）、细菌制剂（产肠毒素大肠杆菌）和寄生虫（蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫和微小隐孢子虫）引起的症状差异。讨论了沙门氏菌和空肠弯曲菌引起的终末小肠感染症状以及志贺氏菌、肠侵袭性大肠杆菌和溶组织内阿米巴引起的单纯结肠感染（痢疾）症状。介绍了肠炎的治疗方案。
