Nagatomi R, Kaifu T, Okutsu M, Zhang X, Kanemi O, Ohmori H
Dept. of Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, Tohoku University Grad School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan.
Exerc Immunol Rev. 2000;6:54-74.
This review examines the role of the autonomic nervous system in the regulation of the immune system to understand the alteration of immunological parameters under the influence of stressors and exercise. Sympathetic innervation in secondary lymphoid organs plays a major role in immune regulation. Catecholamine released from the nerve terminal serves as the major mediator when bound to adrenergic receptors present on immunocompetent cells. Experiments using chemical and surgical denervation, catecholamine knock-out mice, and receptor antagonist and agonists revealed several important points. Sympathetic nerve activity is generally suppressive for the immunocompetent cells in the blood stream except neutrophils. Sympathetic activity facilitates detachment of T cells and NK cells from blood vessels without affecting functional adhesion molecule expression. Th1 cells express more beta 2 adrenergic receptors than Th2 cells, indicating a greater influence of sympathetic activity on Th1 response. Sympathetic action was also shown to regulate the production of chemokines. Taken together, the sympathetic nervous system does not simply suppress the immune system but might help organize the immune response sequentially and spatially by modulating the distribution of immunocompetent cells.
本综述探讨自主神经系统在免疫系统调节中的作用，以了解应激源和运动影响下免疫参数的变化。次级淋巴器官中的交感神经支配在免疫调节中起主要作用。当神经末梢释放的儿茶酚胺与免疫活性细胞上存在的肾上腺素能受体结合时，它作为主要介质发挥作用。使用化学和手术去神经、儿茶酚胺基因敲除小鼠以及受体拮抗剂和激动剂的实验揭示了几个要点。除中性粒细胞外，交感神经活动通常对血流中的免疫活性细胞具有抑制作用。交感神经活动促进T细胞和NK细胞从血管脱离，而不影响功能性粘附分子的表达。Th1细胞比Th2细胞表达更多的β2肾上腺素能受体，表明交感神经活动对Th1反应的影响更大。交感神经作用还被证明可调节趋化因子的产生。综上所述，交感神经系统并非简单地抑制免疫系统，而是可能通过调节免疫活性细胞的分布，在时间和空间上帮助有序组织免疫反应。
