Fujino T, Nagata Y
School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Japan.
J Reprod Immunol. 2000 Jul;47(2):197-206. doi: 10.1016/s0165-0378(00)00054-1.
Human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I), a causative agent of adult T-cell leukemia, (ATL) is transmitted from mother to child. ATL cells originate from the CD4 subset of peripheral T cells. The main route of mother-to-child transmission is postnatal breast-feeding. Refraining from breast-feeding or limiting the duration of breast-feeding can reduce the risk of mother-to-child transmission. Other than postnatal breast-feeding, there seem to be two routes of HTLV-I transmission from mother to child. One is intrauterine transmission, and the other is via saliva. Intrauterine transmission is rare, although proviral DNA is detected in cord blood samples. HTLV-I proviruses in the cord blood may be defective. HTLV-I proviral DNA and antibodies against HTLV-I are also detected in saliva. However, no report has been published so far which showed direct evidence of HTLV-I transmission via saliva. The placenta can be infected by HTLV-I, but infection does not reach the fetus, possibly apoptosis of placental villous cells because it is induced by HTLV-I infection.
人类嗜T淋巴细胞病毒I型（HTLV-I）是成人T细胞白血病（ATL）的病原体，可母婴传播。ATL细胞起源于外周T细胞的CD4亚群。母婴传播的主要途径是产后母乳喂养。避免母乳喂养或限制母乳喂养时间可降低母婴传播风险。除产后母乳喂养外，HTLV-I似乎还有两条母婴传播途径。一是宫内传播，另一是通过唾液传播。宫内传播很少见，尽管在脐带血样本中检测到了前病毒DNA。脐带血中的HTLV-I前病毒可能有缺陷。在唾液中也检测到HTLV-I前病毒DNA和抗HTLV-I抗体。然而，目前尚未发表有直接证据表明HTLV-I通过唾液传播的报告。胎盘可被HTLV-I感染，但感染不会波及胎儿，这可能是因为HTLV-I感染诱导胎盘绒毛细胞发生凋亡。
