Greene K, Krcmar M, Walters L H, Rubin D L, Hale L
Department of Communication at Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901-1071, USA.
J Adolesc. 2000 Aug;23(4):439-61. doi: 10.1006/jado.2000.0330.
Tremendous resources are spent each year developing programs and messages targeting adolescent risk behavior. Adolescents are often reasonably well educated about methods for health promotion such as preventing HIV infection, yet they fail to act accordingly. One widely used individual difference variable, sensation-seeking, has been incorporated in health message design to some extent, but it fails to take development into account. Research on adolescent egocentrism suggests adolescents experience personal fable which can lead to an exaggerated sense of invulnerability. The present study sampled adolescents and college students to examine relative contributions of egocentrism and sensation-seeking to risk-taking behavior. Results indicate a latent factor labeled risk-seeking (primarily indicated by disinhibition and risk-taking personality, and to a lesser degree by invulnerability, experience-seeking, boredom susceptibility, and thrill and adventure-seeking) indeed predicted a latent factor labeled delinquent behavior (primarily indicated by alcohol consumption and delinquency, and to a lesser degree by drug use, drinking and driving, and risky driving). Other results indicate consistently high personal fable combined with high sensation-seeking explained most risk-taking behavior. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
每年都投入大量资源来制定针对青少年风险行为的项目和信息。青少年通常在诸如预防艾滋病毒感染等健康促进方法方面接受了相当良好的教育，但他们却未能相应地采取行动。一个广泛使用的个体差异变量——感觉寻求，在一定程度上已被纳入健康信息设计中，但它没有考虑到发展因素。对青少年自我中心主义的研究表明，青少年会经历个人神话，这可能导致一种夸大的无懈可击感。本研究对青少年和大学生进行了抽样，以检验自我中心主义和感觉寻求对冒险行为的相对影响。结果表明，一个名为冒险寻求的潜在因素（主要由去抑制和冒险人格表示，在较小程度上由无懈可击感、体验寻求、无聊易感性以及刺激和冒险寻求表示）确实预测了一个名为犯罪行为的潜在因素（主要由饮酒和犯罪表示，在较小程度上由药物使用、酒后驾车和危险驾驶表示）。其他结果表明，持续较高的个人神话与较高的感觉寻求相结合，可以解释大多数冒险行为。本文还讨论了研究的意义和未来研究的方向。
