[Primary stent implantation in aortic coarctation: mid-term follow-up].

BACKGROUND

The use of balloon-expandable stents provides an effective alternative therapy in patients with stenotic lesions in congenital heart disease. Stents implantation has served to improve the results and to reduce complications of balloon angioplasty for coarctation and recoarctation of the aorta.

OBJECTIVE

We report our results after primary stents implantation for coarctation and recoarctation of the aorta.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Balloon-expandable stents were implanted in 14 patients (mean age 20 +/- 12 years) with coarctation of the aorta (11 native and 3 postoperative); 2 patients had associated malformations. The morphology varied: 10 resembled a located-diaphragm (one of them with moderate arch hypoplasia); 2 had distorted coarctation and 2 had a complete aortal obstruction. Five patients were hypertensive and 1 had cardiogenic shock and severe arrhythmias which did not respond to intensive medical therapy. In all cases 14 Palmaz stents (7 P308 and 7 P4014) were implanted with the primary technique through a Mullin's sheath. The balloon-to-descending aorta diameter ratio, measured at the level of the diaphragm, was 1. A special technique was carried out in the 2 cases with complete aortal obstruction.

RESULTS

The procedure was effective in all 14 cases. The coarctation diameter increased from 4 +/- 2 to 15 +/- 2 mm (p < 0.0001) and transcoarctation systolic pressure gradient decreased from 43 +/- 19 to 2 +/- 2 mmHg (p < 0.0001). The ratio of the coarctation to descending aorta diameter measured at the level of the diaphragma increased from 0.3 +/- 0.1 to 0.95 +/- 0.05 (p < 0.001). At 19 +/- 8 months follow up, all patients showed sustained clinical improvement. The patient with complete aortal obstruction experienced a dramatic improvement, but she died from a sudden cardiac event 22 months after the procedure. At angiographic follow up in 7 patients, 1 year after implantation, no recoarctation was observed with secondary vessels patent, and absence of restenosis.

CONCLUSIONS

a) Percutaneous endovascular stents implantation in coarctation and recoarctation of the aorta may become an effective treatment modality in the older child, adolescent and adults; b) stents are particularly attractive in those patients with a more complex anatomy and higher surgical risk; c) primary stenting is expected to have a lower rate of complications, and d) we describe a special technique with a right femoral-left humeral arterial circuit that is successfully applied to patients with complete aortal obstruction.