Hodson E, Clayton H M, Lanovaz J L
Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA.
Equine Vet J. 2000 Jul;32(4):287-94. doi: 10.2746/042516400777032237.
Video (60 Hz) and force (2000 Hz) data were collected from 5 sound horses during walking. Forelimb data were analysed for 8 strides (4 left, 4 right) per horse to determine sagittal plane kinematics and ground reaction forces (GRFs). The results suggested that brachial rotation was responsible for protraction and retraction of the limb as a whole, while rotations of the scapula and antebrachium elevated the distal limb during breakover and early swing then lowered it in preparation for ground contact. The coffin joint was flexed maximally at the time of peak longitudinal braking force, which occurred during breakover of the contralateral forelimb. The metacarpus was vertical at 28% stride. This was considerably earlier than the change from a braking to a propulsive longitudinal force (34% stride), which coincided with maximal extension of the fetlock joint. The longitudinal propulsive force peaked just after contact of the contralateral forelimb. During the swing phase the joints distal to the shoulder showed a single flexion cycle that peaked at 76% stride at the carpus, 81% stride at the fetlock and 84% stride at the elbow and coffin joints. The coffin and shoulder joints began to extend in the terminal swing phase and continued to extend through ground contact and early stance. The results provide normative data that will be applied in detecting changes in kinematics and ground reaction forces that are associated with specific lamenesses.
在行走过程中，从5匹健康马匹收集了视频（60赫兹）和力（2000赫兹）数据。对每匹马的前肢数据进行了8步（4步左前肢、4步右前肢）的分析，以确定矢状面运动学和地面反作用力（GRFs）。结果表明，肱部旋转负责肢体整体的前伸和后缩，而肩胛骨和前臂的旋转在跨栏期和早期摆动期抬高远端肢体，然后在准备触地时将其降低。蹄关节在对侧前肢跨栏期出现的纵向制动力峰值时最大程度地屈曲。掌骨在步幅的28%时垂直。这比从制动力到推进力的纵向力变化（步幅的34%）要早得多，后者与球节的最大伸展相吻合。对侧前肢接触后不久，纵向推进力达到峰值。在摆动期，肩部远端的关节呈现出一个单一的屈曲周期，在腕关节处步幅的76%达到峰值，在球节处步幅的81%达到峰值，在肘关节和蹄关节处步幅的84%达到峰值。蹄关节和肩关节在摆动末期开始伸展，并在触地和早期站立阶段持续伸展。这些结果提供了规范性数据，将用于检测与特定跛行相关的运动学和地面反作用力的变化。
