Burgess C, O'Donohoe A, Gill M
Department of Psychiatry, The Trinity Health Sciences Centre, St. James's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland.
Eur Psychiatry. 2000 Aug;15(5):287-94. doi: 10.1016/s0924-9338(00)00396-5.
Ecstasy is a recreational drug with an anecdotal reputation for safety. However, reports of adverse effects and fatalities have increased in the medical and popular press.
Literature search and review.
Acute Ecstasy toxicity does not appear to be due to overdose and cannot be solely attributed to the nature of the usual ambient environment. Adverse effects include hyperthermia, seizures, cardiac arrhythmias, hepatotoxicity, hyponatraemia and many psychiatric disorders. Ecstasy causes serotonergic neurotoxicity in the brains of animals at doses close to those used by humans, but its long-term effect on the human brain is unknown.
Ecstasy toxicity should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a variety of medical and psychiatric conditions. Given its popularity, both the acute and the potential long-term effects are a cause for concern.
摇头丸是一种具有安全传闻的娱乐性药物。然而，医学和大众媒体上关于其不良反应和死亡的报道有所增加。
文献检索与综述。
急性摇头丸中毒似乎并非因过量服用，也不能完全归因于通常的环境因素。不良反应包括体温过高、癫痫发作、心律失常、肝毒性、低钠血症以及许多精神障碍。摇头丸在接近人类使用剂量时会对动物大脑造成5-羟色胺能神经毒性，但其对人类大脑的长期影响尚不清楚。
在对各种医学和精神疾病进行鉴别诊断时应考虑摇头丸中毒。鉴于其广泛使用，急性和潜在的长期影响都令人担忧。
