Marco C A, Schwartz J E, Neale J M, Shiffman S, Catley D, Stone A A
Department of Psychology A103, Worcester State College, MA 01602, USA.
Ann Behav Med. 2000 Spring;22(2):110-5. doi: 10.1007/BF02895773.
Ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) has been shown to differ for men and women across work and nonwork settings. For men, ABP is higher at work than at home on workdays or on nonworkdays. For women, ABP levels in different settings depend on whether they have children in the household. Women without children at home exhibit the "male" pattern of higher ABP at work than at home. Women with children at home show either similar ABP levels in the two locations or higher ABP at home. These different patterns have been assumed to represent different stress levels in the two locations, but this assumption has rarely been tested. Also, few studies have examined ABP levels on a nonworkday in women or the effect of having children in the household for men. The present study monitored ABP in men and women during two workdays and one nonworkday. Comparisons were made between ABP levels in three settings (workday at work, workday at home, nonworkday) using mixed random effects regression models. Psychosocial variables (e.g. mood, stress) that might mediate the different ABP patterns were also assessed. ABP differences were analyzed by gender and whether children were living in the household using mixed random effects regression models. Results indicated that diastolic blood pressure was higher at work versus home for men with children and higher at work and on nonworkdays than at home for women without children. ABP did not differ across settings for women with children or men without children. These results were not mediated by mood or stress levels in the three settings.
动态血压（ABP）已被证明在男性和女性的工作和非工作环境中存在差异。对于男性，在工作日或非工作日，工作时的ABP高于在家时。对于女性，不同环境下的ABP水平取决于她们家中是否有孩子。家中没有孩子的女性呈现出“男性”模式，即工作时的ABP高于在家时。家中有孩子的女性在这两个地点的ABP水平相似，或者在家时ABP更高。这些不同模式被认为代表了两个地点不同的压力水平，但这一假设很少得到验证。此外，很少有研究考察女性在非工作日的ABP水平或家中有孩子对男性的影响。本研究在两个工作日和一个非工作日对男性和女性的ABP进行了监测。使用混合随机效应回归模型对三种环境（工作日工作时、工作日在家时、非工作日）下的ABP水平进行了比较。还评估了可能介导不同ABP模式的心理社会变量（如情绪、压力）。使用混合随机效应回归模型，按性别以及家中是否有孩子对ABP差异进行了分析。结果表明，有孩子的男性工作时的舒张压高于在家时，没有孩子的女性工作时和非工作日的舒张压高于在家时。有孩子的女性或没有孩子的男性在不同环境下的ABP没有差异。这些结果不受三种环境下情绪或压力水平的介导。
