Walsh C
Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology Department, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.
Nature. 2000 Aug 17;406(6797):775-81. doi: 10.1038/35021219.
Antibiotics--compounds that are literally 'against life'--are typically antibacterial drugs, interfering with some structure or process that is essential to bacterial growth or survival without harm to the eukaryotic host harbouring the infecting bacteria. We live in an era when antibiotic resistance has spread at an alarming rate and when dire predictions concerning the lack of effective antibacterial drugs occur with increasing frequency. In this context it is apposite to ask a few simple questions about these life-saving molecules. What are antibiotics? Where do they come from? How do they work? Why do they stop being effective? How do we find new antibiotics? And can we slow down the development of antibiotic-resistant superbugs?
抗生素——从字面意义上讲就是“抗生命”的化合物——通常是抗菌药物,它们会干扰对细菌生长或存活至关重要的某些结构或过程,而不会对携带感染细菌的真核宿主造成伤害。我们生活在一个抗生素耐药性以惊人速度蔓延的时代,而且关于缺乏有效抗菌药物的可怕预测越来越频繁地出现。在这种背景下,问几个关于这些救命分子的简单问题是恰当的。抗生素是什么?它们从何而来?它们如何发挥作用?为什么它们会失效?我们如何找到新的抗生素?以及我们能否减缓耐药超级细菌的发展?