Toole J F, McGraw C P
Annu Rev Med. 1975;26:321-9. doi: 10.1146/annurev.me.26.020175.001541.
Blood can be stolen from almost any vascular bed and redistributed. The external carotid artery can steal from cerebral structures when occlusion of the common carotid artery proximal to the bifurcation causes reversal of flow through the internal carotid artery (13, 45, 46). The external carotid artery has also been shown to steal blood flow from the vertebral artery distribution (13, 74). Double steals involving both the subclavian and external carotid arteries are seen in 1 to 2% of patients (13, 46). There is also the "triple steal syndrome" wherein both subclavian arteries and one external carotid artery are involved (14).
血液几乎可以从任何血管床被窃取并重新分配。当颈总动脉在分叉近端闭塞导致颈内动脉血流逆转时，颈外动脉可从脑部结构窃取血液（13, 45, 46）。颈外动脉也已被证明可从椎动脉分布区窃取血流（13, 74）。1%至2%的患者会出现涉及锁骨下动脉和颈外动脉的双重窃血情况（13, 46）。还有“三联窃血综合征”，即双侧锁骨下动脉和一侧颈外动脉均受累（14）。
