Sobol S M, Conoyer J M, Zill R, Thawley S E, Ogura J H
Laryngoscope. 1979 Jun;89(6 Pt 1):962-79. doi: 10.1288/00005537-197906000-00012.
Essential to the management of the head and neck cancer patient is carefully monitored nutritional support. Traditionally, enteral alimentation, using the nasogastric feeding tube, has been the mainstay of treatment. Tube feedings should provide ample amounts of essential nutrients, minerals, vitamins, and adequate calories and protein. Knowledge of the tube feedings available and problems associated with their administration helps to avoid the pitfalls which limit their effectiveness. The inadequacies of enteral alimentation preclude its use in selected circumstances of severe nutritional depletion. Parenteral hyperalimentation, as a primary or adjuvant mode of therapy, may be capable of rapidly reversing deficits, improving postoperative morbidity and increasing tolerance to radiation and chemotherapy. Postoperative deglutition abnormalities may prolong the nutritional problems of head and neck cancer patients as well.
对头颈部癌症患者的管理至关重要的是仔细监测营养支持。传统上，使用鼻胃饲管的肠内营养一直是治疗的主要手段。管饲应提供充足的必需营养素、矿物质、维生素以及足够的热量和蛋白质。了解可用的管饲方法及其给药相关问题有助于避免限制其有效性的陷阱。肠内营养的不足之处使其在某些严重营养消耗的情况下无法使用。胃肠外高营养作为一种主要或辅助治疗方式，可能能够迅速扭转营养缺乏状况，改善术后发病率，并提高对放疗和化疗的耐受性。术后吞咽异常也可能延长头颈部癌症患者的营养问题。
