Lifshitz M, Gavrilov V
Toxicology Unit, Soroka Medical Center and Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel.
Isr Med Assoc J. 2000 Jul;2(7):504-6.
Childhood poisoning continues to challenge the diagnostic and treatment skills of the pediatrician. Generally, childhood poisoning can be attributed to suboptimal parental supervision and accessibility of products with poisoning potential.
To evaluate the pattern of acute poisoning in children with relation to different age groupings.
Pediatric patients hospitalized for acute poisoning at the Soroka Medical Center over a 5 year period (1994-98) were evaluated retrospectively. Special attention was given to poisoning in relation to age groupings.
During the years 1994-98 a total of 1,143 children were admitted for acute poisoning to the Soroka Medical Center. The majority of cases occurred in children aged 2-5 and 14-18 years. Males under 14 had a higher frequency of poisoning, the poisoning usually being unintentional, whereas poisoning in females occurred mostly in the 14-18 age group and was intentional. Drugs were the most common agent of poisoning in infants (0-1 year), in older children (10-13 years), and in adolescents (14-18 years), while in children aged 2-5 and 6-9 years either cleaning products or drugs were the usual agents of poisoning. Most poisonings in children aged 2-13 occurred between 4 and 8 p.m., and for most adolescent patients (14-18 years old) between 4 p.m. and midnight. Poisoning in children aged 2-13 were usually due to accessible home products, and to medicinal errors such as overdose and improper drug administration.
This study defines the characteristic pattern of pediatric poisoning with respect to different age groups and gender. Unintentional childhood poisoning predominated in males and occurred mostly because of accessible home products and suboptimal parental supervision during critical hours of the day. Most adolescent poisoning occurred in females and was intentional. Parental education and intensified child supervision are indicated measures of prevention for unintentional poisoning.
儿童中毒问题持续考验着儿科医生的诊断和治疗能力。一般来说，儿童中毒可归因于家长监管不力以及具有中毒风险的产品容易获取。
评估不同年龄组儿童急性中毒的模式。
对索罗卡医疗中心5年期间（1994 - 1998年）因急性中毒住院的儿科患者进行回顾性评估。特别关注与年龄组相关的中毒情况。
1994年至1998年期间，共有1143名儿童因急性中毒入住索罗卡医疗中心。大多数病例发生在2至5岁和14至18岁的儿童中。14岁以下男性中毒频率较高，中毒通常为意外，而女性中毒大多发生在14至18岁年龄组，且为故意中毒。药物是婴儿（0至1岁）、大龄儿童（10至13岁）和青少年（14至18岁）中最常见的中毒剂，而在2至5岁和6至9岁的儿童中，清洁产品或药物是常见的中毒剂。2至13岁儿童的大多数中毒发生在下午4点至8点之间，而大多数青少年患者（年龄在14至18岁之间）的中毒发生在下午4点至午夜之间。2至13岁儿童中毒通常是由于家中易获取的产品以及用药失误，如用药过量和用药不当。
本研究明确了不同年龄组和性别的儿童中毒特征模式。儿童意外中毒以男性为主，主要是因为家中产品易获取以及家长在一天中的关键时段监管不力。大多数青少年中毒发生在女性，且为故意中毒。家长教育和加强对儿童的监管是预防意外中毒的必要措施。
