Hwang K K, Scott L J, Chifamba J, Mufunda J, Spielman W S, Sparks H V
Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
J Hum Hypertens. 2000 Sep;14(9):587-93. doi: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001069.
The prevalence of microalbuminuria (MAU) in African populations has not been reported, nor has the relationship between MAU and hypertension been reported for these populations. We collected spot urine samples from 370 women, 25 years and older as a part of a population-based, cross-sectional blood pressure survey in an urban community in Zimbabwe and analysed the samples for albumin and beta2-microglobulin. The age-adjusted prevalence of hypertension was 30% for women 25 years and older in this community. After excluding the samples with hematuria (11%), the prevalence of MAU (3.0 < or = albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR, mg/mmol) <25.0) in the study population was 9%. When age-adjusted to the population in the community, the prevalence was 8% among women 25 years and older. The prevalence of MAU was substantially higher in hypertensive (HT) than in normotensive (NT) women (16% vs 4%, P<0.001). A significantly higher level of log ACR in HT was found in each age group except the youngest age group (age 25-34). In age-adjusted multiple regression, percent fat mass was negatively associated with log ACR (beta = -1. 18, 95% CI (-0.23, -2.21), P = 0.02). In a similar regression analysis, higher log beta8-microglobulin-to-creatinine ratio was very strongly associated with higher log ACR (beta = 0.34, 95% CI (0.25, 0.43), P<0.0001) and significantly associated with lower percent fat mass (beta = -1.02, 95% CI (-0.25, -1.8), P = 0.01). These results suggest that MAU is frequently caused by hypertension, but that other diseases may contribute to its presence.
非洲人群中微量白蛋白尿（MAU）的患病率尚未见报道，这些人群中MAU与高血压之间的关系也未被报道。作为津巴布韦一个城市社区基于人群的横断面血压调查的一部分，我们收集了370名25岁及以上女性的随机尿样，并对样本进行白蛋白和β2-微球蛋白分析。该社区25岁及以上女性年龄调整后的高血压患病率为30%。排除血尿样本（11%）后，研究人群中MAU（3.0≤白蛋白肌酐比值（ACR，mg/mmol）＜25.0）的患病率为9%。按社区人群年龄调整后，25岁及以上女性中的患病率为8%。高血压（HT）女性中MAU的患病率显著高于血压正常（NT）女性（16%对4%，P＜0.001）。除最年轻年龄组（25 - 34岁）外，各年龄组HT患者的log ACR水平均显著更高。在年龄调整的多元回归中，体脂百分比与log ACR呈负相关（β = -1.18，95%CI（-0.23，-2.21），P = 0.02）。在类似的回归分析中，较高的logβ2-微球蛋白肌酐比值与较高的log ACR密切相关（β = 0.34，95%CI（0.25，0.43），P＜0.0001），且与较低的体脂百分比显著相关（β = -1.02，95%CI（-0.25，-1.8），P = 0.01）。这些结果表明，MAU常由高血压引起，但其他疾病可能也与之有关。
