Newman P A, Zimmerman M A
Center for Community Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles 90024-6521, USA.
AIDS Educ Prev. 2000 Aug;12(4):308-25.
Alcohol and other drug (AOD) use during sexual encounters, sexual partner's age, perceived HIV risk and perceived condom effectiveness were studied among 388 sexually active African American youth. Cluster analysis of condom use, number of partners, and frequency of sexual intercourse identified four groups: low risk, monogamy strategy, condom strategy, and high risk. Low-risk youth used condoms consistently and had few partners. High-risk youth used condoms inconsistently with many partners. Monogamy strategy youth used condoms inconsistently but had few partners. Condom strategy youth used condoms consistently with a moderate number of partners. The high-risk group included more males and the monogamy group included more females. High-risk males reported more AOD use during sexual activity than all females, and low-risk or condom strategy males. Females had older partners, rated condoms as less effective and perceived lower HIV/AIDS risk than males. Results suggest differential HIV risk mechanisms by gender. Implications for gender-specific HIV prevention are discussed.
在388名有性行为的非裔美国青少年中，研究了性行为期间酒精和其他药物（AOD）的使用情况、性伴侣的年龄、感知到的HIV风险以及感知到的避孕套有效性。对避孕套使用情况、性伴侣数量和性交频率进行聚类分析，确定了四组：低风险组、一夫一妻制策略组、避孕套策略组和高风险组。低风险青少年始终如一地使用避孕套，性伴侣较少。高风险青少年使用避孕套的情况不稳定，性伴侣众多。一夫一妻制策略组青少年使用避孕套的情况不稳定，但性伴侣较少。避孕套策略组青少年始终如一地使用避孕套，性伴侣数量适中。高风险组男性较多，一夫一妻制组女性较多。与所有女性以及低风险或避孕套策略组男性相比，高风险组男性报告在性活动期间更多地使用AOD。女性的性伴侣年龄较大，认为避孕套效果较差，且感知到的HIV/AIDS风险低于男性。结果表明，不同性别存在不同的HIV风险机制。讨论了针对特定性别的HIV预防措施的意义。
